Anaphylaxis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]Soumya Sachdeva

Overview

Anaphylaxis is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen. After being exposed to a substance such as bee sting venom, the person's immune system becomes sensitized to it. On a later exposure to that allergen, an allergic reaction may occur. This reaction happens quickly after the exposure, is severe, and involves the whole body.Tissues in different parts of the body release histamine and other substances. This causes the airways to tighten and leads to other symptoms. Anaphylaxis is life-threatening and can occur at any time. Risks include a history of any type of allergic reaction.

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Anaphylaxis is itself a life threatening condition.

Causes

Common Causes

Anaphylaxis can occur in response to any allergen. Common causes include:

• Drug allergies (acetaminophen, penicillins, Prednisolone, cephalosporins, amphotericin B, nitrofurantoin, quinolones)

• Food allergies (peanuts, milk, eggs, seafood, nuts, grains, beans, gelatin in capsules)

• Insect bites/stings (yellow jacket, yellow and baldfaced hornets, paper wasp, honey bee, imported fire ants)

• Nonpollen allergen extracts (dust mites, dander of cats, dogs, horses and laboratory animals)

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Abatacept, Acetaminophen, Agalsidase beta, Alemtuzumab, Alglucosidase alfa, Amifostine, Aminohippurate, Amoxycillin, Amphotericin B, Ampicillin, Ancrod, Anidulafungin, Antihypertensive drug allergy, Aprotinin, Asparaginase, Aspirin, Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride, Aztreonam, Basiliximab, Belimumab, Cefadroxil, Cefotaxime sodium, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefaclor Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin, caspofungin acetate, Cefoxitin sodium, Cetrorelix, conestat alfa, cromolyn, Clemastine, Cyanocobalamin, Cytarabine,Dacarbazine, Denileukin diftitox, Desmopressin, Diphenhydramine, Doxycycline, Ecallantide, Elosulfase alfa, Epirubicin , Ergonovine, ethanolamine oleate, fibrinogen, Fluoxymesterone, fosaprepitant, Gadoteridol, Gadoterate, galsulfase, Ganirelix, Gemifloxacin mesylate, Gluten allergy , Glucarpidase, Idelalisib, Idursulfase, Imipenem, Indinavir, Interferon beta- 1a, Interferon beta- 1b, Interleukin 11, lamivudine, laronidase, Lincomycin Hydrochloride, Local anaesthetic allergy , Meropenem, Micafungin sodium, Morphine allergy , Netupitant and palonosetron, Niacin, Norfloxacin, Novacaine drug allergy, Omalizumab, Oxaliplatin, Oxaprozin, Oxytetracycline, Palivizumab, Papain, Pegaspargase, Pegloticase, Penicillin, p-Phenylenediamine, Polidocanol , Prednisolone,Protamine sulfate, Probenecid, Piperacillin, Rabeprazole, Rasburicase, Secukinumab, Sodium aurothiomalate, Sorafenib, Streptokinase, Sulfasalazine, Sulphonamides, Spironolactone, Telavancin hydrochloride, Thallous Chloride Tl 201, Tolmetin, Trospium, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum, tuberculin, Zopiclone, Chlorhexidine gluconate, taliglucerase alfa
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Ant bite, urticaria, Baby bottle nipples induced, Bee sting, Caffeine allergy, Condoms and diaphragms induced allergies, Exercise, Fire ant bite , Fire coral poisoning, amaranth, Food additive allergy , Food allergy, Fruit allergy, Glafenine, Greenhead ant sting , Herbal agent adverse reaction, Hymenoptera venom, Inch ant sting , Jack jumper ant sting, Non-food allergy -- africanized honeybee, ant, black fire ant, bumblebee, dust mites, honey bee, hornet, mosquito, red fire ant, scorpion, tropical fire ant, wasp, yellow jacket wasp, Nut allergy, Oriental hornet poisoning, Peanut allergy, Red imported fire ant sting, Seafood allergy, Shellfish allergy, Spice allergy, Spider bite, Wasp sting, Wound drains and tubes induced allergies
Gastroenterologic	Alveolar hydatid disease
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Blood transfusion and complications, Bone marrow transplantation
Iatrogenic	Contrast x-ray test dye reaction
Infectious Disease	Echinococcus granulosus
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Asthma
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Autoimmune urticaria, Hives, Hydatidosis , Serum sickness, Systemic mastocytosis, Type 1 hypersensitivity,
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Egg allergy, Handgrips induced allergies , Latex catheters induced allergies , Pacifiers induced allergies, Sterilization agents, Stethoscope induced allergies

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Alemtuzumab
• Alglucosidase alfa
• Alveolar hydatid disease
• Amoxycillin
• Amphotericin B
• Ampicillin
• Ancrod
• Angioedema
• Anidulafungin

• Ant bite
• Antihypertensive drug allergy
• Aquagenous urticaria
• Asparaginase
• Aspirin
• Asthma
• Autoimmune urticaria
• Aztreonam
• Baby bottle nipples induced
• Bee sting
• Belimumab
• Blood transfusion and complications
• Bone marrow transplantation
• Caffeine allergy
• Cardiogenic shock
• Cefadroxil
• Ceftazidime
• Ceftriaxone
• Cephalosporins
• Ciprofloxacin
• Condoms and diaphragms induced allergies
• Contrast x-ray test dye reaction
• Cyanocobalamin
• Cytarabine
• Denileukin diftitox
• Desmopressin
• Echinococcus granulosus
• Egg allergy
• Exercise
• Fire ant bite
• Fire coral poisoning
• Food additive allergy
• Food allergy

• Fruit allergy
• Glafenine
• Gluten allergy
• Infliximab
• Greenhead ant sting
• Handgrips induced allergies
• Herbal agent adverse reaction -- chamomile
• Herbal agent adverse reaction -- clove
• Herbal agent overdose -- horse chestnuts
• Hives
• Hydatidosis
• Hymenoptera venom
• Idelalisib
• Imipenem
• Inch ant sting
• Indinavir
• Interleukin 11
• Jack jumper ant sting
• Janumet (sitagliptin and metformin)
• Latex catheters induced allergies
• Local anaesthetic allergy
• Meropenem
• Micafungin sodium
• Morphine allergy
• Niacin
• Non-food allergy -- africanized honeybee - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- ant - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- black fire ant - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- bumblebee - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- dust mites - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- honey bee - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- hornet - anaphylactic shock

• Non-food allergy -- mosquito - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- red fire ant - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- scorpion - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- tropical fire ant - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- wasp - anaphylactic shock
• Non-food allergy -- yellow jacket wasp - anaphylactic shock
• Norfloxacin
• Novacaine drug allergy - anaphylaxis
• Nut allergy
• Omalizumab
• Oriental hornet poisoning - anaphylaxis
• Oxaprozin
• Pacifiers induced allergies - anaphylaxis
• Papain
• Peanut allergy
• Pegaspargase
• Pegloticase
• Penicillin
• P-phenylenediamine allergy - anaphylaxis
• Pneumococcal Vaccine 13-Valent (Prevnar 13): in infants and toddlers
• Probenecid
• Rasburicase
• Red imported fire ant sting - anaphylaxis
• Seafood allergy
• Serum sickness
• Shellfish allergy
• Sorafenib
• Spider bite
• Sterilization agents
• Stethoscope induced allergies
• Streptokinase
• Sulphonamides
• Systemic mastocytosis
• Telavancin hydrochloride
• Type 1 hypersensitivity
• Urticaria
• Wasp sting
• Wound drains and tubes induced allergies