Chlorpromazine (injection): Difference between revisions
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|warnings='''Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis''' | |warnings='''Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis''' | ||
Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis | * Elderly patients with [[dementia]]-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis. | ||
The extrapyramidal symptoms which can occur secondary to chlorpromazine may be confused with the central nervous system signs of an undiagnosed primary disease responsible for the vomiting, e.g., Reye’s syndrome or other encephalopathy. The use of chlorpromazine and other potential hepatotoxins should be avoided in children and adolescents whose signs and symptoms suggest Reye’s syndrome. | * The extrapyramidal symptoms which can occur secondary to chlorpromazine may be confused with the central nervous system signs of an undiagnosed primary disease responsible for the [[vomiting]], e.g., [[Reye’s syndrome]] or other [[encephalopathy]]. The use of chlorpromazine and other potential hepatotoxins should be avoided in children and adolescents whose signs and symptoms suggest [[Reye’s syndrome]]. | ||
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Injection contains sodium metabisulfite and sodium sulfite, sulfites that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in | * Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Injection contains sodium metabisulfite and sodium sulfite, sulfites that may cause allergic-type reactions including [[anaphylactic symptoms]] and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in non asthmatic people. | ||
Tardive Dyskinesia | '''Tardive Dyskinesia''' | ||
* [[Tardive dyskinesia]], a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, [[dyskinetic movements]], may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Although the prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to rely upon prevalence estimates to predict, at the inception of antipsychotic treatment, which patients are likely to develop the syndrome. Whether antipsychotic drug products differ in their potential to cause [[tardive dyskinesia]] is unknown. | |||
* Both the risk of developing the syndrome and the likelihood that it will become irreversible are believed to increase as the duration of treatment and the total cumulative dose of antipsychotic drugs administered to the patient increase. However, the syndrome can develop, although much less commonly, after relatively brief treatment periods at low doses. | |||
* There is no known treatment for established cases of [[tardive dyskinesia]], although the syndrome may remit, partially or completely, if antipsychotic treatment is withdrawn. Antipsychotic treatment itself, however, may suppress (or partially suppress) the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and thereby may possibly mask the underlying disease process. The effect that symptomatic suppression has upon the long-term course of the syndrome is unknown. | |||
* Given these considerations, antipsychotics should be prescribed in a manner that is most likely to minimize the occurrence of [[tardive dyskinesia]]. Chronic antipsychotic treatment should generally be reserved for patients who suffer from a chronic illness that, 1) is known to respond to antipsychotic drugs, and, 2) for whom alternative, equally effective, but potentially less harmful treatments are not available or appropriate. In patients who do require chronic treatment, the smallest dose and the shortest duration of treatment producing a satisfactory clinical response should be sought. The need for continued treatment should be reassessed periodically. | |||
* If signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear in a patient on antipsychotics, drug discontinuation should be considered. However, some patients may require treatment despite the presence of the syndrome. | |||
* For further information about the description of [[tardive dyskinesia]] and its clinical detection, please refer to the sections onREACTION precautions and adverse reactions. | |||
'''Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)''' | |||
* A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as [[Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome]] (NMS) has been reported in association with antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are [[hyperpyrexia]], [[muscle rigidity]], altered mental status and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, [[tachycardia]], [[diaphoresis]] and [[cardiac dysrhythmias]]). | |||
* The diagnostic evaluation of patients with this syndrome is complicated. In arriving at a diagnosis, it is important to identify cases where the clinical presentation includes both serious medical illness (e.g., [[pneumonia]], systemic infection, etc.) and untreated or inadequately treated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms (EPS). Other important considerations in the differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, [[heat stroke]], drug fever and primary central nervous system (CNS) pathology. | |||
* The management of NMS should include 1) immediate discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs and other drugs not essential to concurrent therapy, 2) intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring and 3) treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems for which specific treatments are available. There is no general agreement about specific pharmacological treatment regimens for uncomplicated NMS. | |||
* If a patient requires antipsychotic drug treatment after recovery from NMS, the potential reintroduction of drug therapy should be carefully considered. The patient should be carefully monitored, since recurrences of NMS have been reported. | |||
* An encephalopathic syndrome (characterized by [[weakness]], [[lethargy]], [[fever]], tremulousness and [[confusion]], extrapyramidal symptoms, [[leukocytosis]], elevated serum enzymes, BUN and FBS) has occurred in a few patients treated with lithium plus an antipsychotic. In some instances, the syndrome was followed by irreversible brain damage. Because of a possible causal relationship between these events and the concomitant administration of lithium and antipsychotics, patients receiving such combined therapy should be monitored closely for early evidence of neurologic toxicity and treatment discontinued promptly if such signs appear. This encephalopathic syndrome may be similar to or the same as [[neuroleptic malignant syndrome]] (NMS). | |||
* Patients with [[bone marrow depression]] or who have previously demonstrated a [[hypersensitivity]] reaction (e.g., blood dyscrasias, jaundice) with a phenothiazine should not receive any phenothiazine, including chlorpromazine, unless in the judgment of the physician the potential benefits of treatment outweigh the possible hazard. | |||
Chlorpromazine may counteract the antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and related compounds. | * Chlorpromazine may impair mental and/or physical abilities, especially during the first few days of therapy. Therefore, caution patients about activities requiring alertness (e.g., operating vehicles or machinery). | ||
* The use of alcohol with this drug should be avoided due to possible additive effects and [[hypotension]]. | |||
* Chlorpromazine may counteract the antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and related compounds. | |||
|clinicalTrials=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label. | |clinicalTrials=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label. | ||
|postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label. | |postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label. | ||
|useInPregnancyFDA=* '''Pregnancy Category''' | |useInPregnancyFDA=* '''Pregnancy Category''' | ||
|useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category''' | |useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category''' | ||
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<!--Administration and Monitoring--> | <!--Administration and Monitoring--> | ||
|administration= | |administration=* Intravenous | ||
* Intravenous | |||
|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label. | |monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label. | ||
Revision as of 17:43, 11 May 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]
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Overview
Chlorpromazine (injection) is a {{{drugClass}}} that is FDA approved for the treatment of {{{indication}}}. Common adverse reactions include .
Adult Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)
Indications
- For the treatment of schizophrenia; to control nausea and vomiting; for relief of restlessness and apprehension before surgery; for acute intermittent porphyria; as an adjunct in the treatment of tetanus; to control the manifestations of the manic type of manic-depressive illness; for relief of intractable hiccups; for the treatment of severe behavioral problems in children (1 to 12 years of age) marked by combativeness and/or explosive hyperexcitable behavior (out of proportion to immediate provocations), and in the short-term treatment of hyperactive children who show excessive motor activity with accompanying conduct disorders consisting of some or all of the following symptoms: impulsivity, difficulty sustaining attention, aggressivity, mood lability, and poor frustration tolerance.
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)
Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Chlorpromazine (injection) in adult patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Chlorpromazine (injection) in adult patients.
Pediatric Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)
There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Chlorpromazine (injection) in pediatric patients.
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)
Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Chlorpromazine (injection) in pediatric patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Chlorpromazine (injection) in pediatric patients.
Contraindications
- Do not use in patients with known hypersensitivity to phenothiazines.
- Do not use in comatose states or in the presence of large amounts of central nervous system depressants (alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, etc.).
Warnings
Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis
- Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis.
- The extrapyramidal symptoms which can occur secondary to chlorpromazine may be confused with the central nervous system signs of an undiagnosed primary disease responsible for the vomiting, e.g., Reye’s syndrome or other encephalopathy. The use of chlorpromazine and other potential hepatotoxins should be avoided in children and adolescents whose signs and symptoms suggest Reye’s syndrome.
- Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Injection contains sodium metabisulfite and sodium sulfite, sulfites that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in non asthmatic people.
Tardive Dyskinesia
- Tardive dyskinesia, a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements, may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Although the prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to rely upon prevalence estimates to predict, at the inception of antipsychotic treatment, which patients are likely to develop the syndrome. Whether antipsychotic drug products differ in their potential to cause tardive dyskinesia is unknown.
- Both the risk of developing the syndrome and the likelihood that it will become irreversible are believed to increase as the duration of treatment and the total cumulative dose of antipsychotic drugs administered to the patient increase. However, the syndrome can develop, although much less commonly, after relatively brief treatment periods at low doses.
- There is no known treatment for established cases of tardive dyskinesia, although the syndrome may remit, partially or completely, if antipsychotic treatment is withdrawn. Antipsychotic treatment itself, however, may suppress (or partially suppress) the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and thereby may possibly mask the underlying disease process. The effect that symptomatic suppression has upon the long-term course of the syndrome is unknown.
- Given these considerations, antipsychotics should be prescribed in a manner that is most likely to minimize the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia. Chronic antipsychotic treatment should generally be reserved for patients who suffer from a chronic illness that, 1) is known to respond to antipsychotic drugs, and, 2) for whom alternative, equally effective, but potentially less harmful treatments are not available or appropriate. In patients who do require chronic treatment, the smallest dose and the shortest duration of treatment producing a satisfactory clinical response should be sought. The need for continued treatment should be reassessed periodically.
- If signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear in a patient on antipsychotics, drug discontinuation should be considered. However, some patients may require treatment despite the presence of the syndrome.
- For further information about the description of tardive dyskinesia and its clinical detection, please refer to the sections onREACTION precautions and adverse reactions.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
- A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) has been reported in association with antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis and cardiac dysrhythmias).
- The diagnostic evaluation of patients with this syndrome is complicated. In arriving at a diagnosis, it is important to identify cases where the clinical presentation includes both serious medical illness (e.g., pneumonia, systemic infection, etc.) and untreated or inadequately treated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms (EPS). Other important considerations in the differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, drug fever and primary central nervous system (CNS) pathology.
- The management of NMS should include 1) immediate discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs and other drugs not essential to concurrent therapy, 2) intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring and 3) treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems for which specific treatments are available. There is no general agreement about specific pharmacological treatment regimens for uncomplicated NMS.
- If a patient requires antipsychotic drug treatment after recovery from NMS, the potential reintroduction of drug therapy should be carefully considered. The patient should be carefully monitored, since recurrences of NMS have been reported.
- An encephalopathic syndrome (characterized by weakness, lethargy, fever, tremulousness and confusion, extrapyramidal symptoms, leukocytosis, elevated serum enzymes, BUN and FBS) has occurred in a few patients treated with lithium plus an antipsychotic. In some instances, the syndrome was followed by irreversible brain damage. Because of a possible causal relationship between these events and the concomitant administration of lithium and antipsychotics, patients receiving such combined therapy should be monitored closely for early evidence of neurologic toxicity and treatment discontinued promptly if such signs appear. This encephalopathic syndrome may be similar to or the same as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).
- Patients with bone marrow depression or who have previously demonstrated a hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., blood dyscrasias, jaundice) with a phenothiazine should not receive any phenothiazine, including chlorpromazine, unless in the judgment of the physician the potential benefits of treatment outweigh the possible hazard.
- Chlorpromazine may impair mental and/or physical abilities, especially during the first few days of therapy. Therefore, caution patients about activities requiring alertness (e.g., operating vehicles or machinery).
- The use of alcohol with this drug should be avoided due to possible additive effects and hypotension.
- Chlorpromazine may counteract the antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and related compounds.
Adverse Reactions
Clinical Trials Experience
There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
Postmarketing Experience
There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
Drug Interactions
There is limited information regarding Chlorpromazine (injection) Drug Interactions in the drug label.
Use in Specific Populations
Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Category
- Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Chlorpromazine (injection) in women who are pregnant.
Labor and Delivery
There is no FDA guidance on use of Chlorpromazine (injection) during labor and delivery.
Nursing Mothers
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Chlorpromazine (injection) with respect to nursing mothers.
Pediatric Use
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Chlorpromazine (injection) with respect to pediatric patients.
Geriatic Use
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Chlorpromazine (injection) with respect to geriatric patients.
Gender
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Chlorpromazine (injection) with respect to specific gender populations.
Race
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Chlorpromazine (injection) with respect to specific racial populations.
Renal Impairment
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Chlorpromazine (injection) in patients with renal impairment.
Hepatic Impairment
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Chlorpromazine (injection) in patients with hepatic impairment.
Females of Reproductive Potential and Males
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Chlorpromazine (injection) in women of reproductive potentials and males.
Immunocompromised Patients
There is no FDA guidance one the use of Chlorpromazine (injection) in patients who are immunocompromised.
Administration and Monitoring
Administration
- Intravenous
Monitoring
There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
- Description
IV Compatibility
There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
Overdosage
Acute Overdose
Signs and Symptoms
- Description
Management
- Description
Chronic Overdose
There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
Pharmacology
There is limited information regarding Chlorpromazine (injection) Pharmacology in the drug label.
Mechanism of Action
Structure
Pharmacodynamics
There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
Pharmacokinetics
There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
Nonclinical Toxicology
There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
Clinical Studies
There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
How Supplied
Storage
There is limited information regarding Chlorpromazine (injection) Storage in the drug label.
Images
Drug Images
{{#ask: Page Name::Chlorpromazine (injection) |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}
Package and Label Display Panel
{{#ask: Label Page::Chlorpromazine (injection) |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}
Patient Counseling Information
There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Chlorpromazine (injection) in the drug label.
Precautions with Alcohol
- Alcohol-Chlorpromazine (injection) interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
Brand Names
- CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE-®[1]
Look-Alike Drug Names
- A® — B®[2]
Drug Shortage Status
Price
References
The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ "chlorpromazine hydrochloride injection".
- ↑ "http://www.ismp.org". External link in
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