Sumatriptan (nasal)

Sumatriptan (nasal)
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];

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Overview

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Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Indication

IMITREX® Nasal Spray is indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.

Limitations of Use:

Use only if a clear diagnosis of migraine headache has been established. If a patient has no response to the first migraine attack treated with IMITREX, reconsider the diagnosis of migraine before IMITREX is administered to treat any subsequent attacks. IMITREX is not indicated for the prevention of migraine attacks. Safety and effectiveness of IMITREX Nasal Spray have not been established for cluster headache.

Dosage

The recommended adult dose of IMITREX Nasal Spray for the acute treatment of migraine is 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg. The 20-mg dose may provide a greater effect than the 5-mg and 10-mg doses, but may have a greater risk of adverse reactions [see Clinical Studies (14)].

The 5-mg and 20-mg doses are given as a single spray in 1 nostril. The 10-mg dose may be achieved by the administration of a single 5-mg dose in each nostril.

If the migraine has not resolved by 2 hours after taking IMITREX Nasal Spray, or returns after a transient improvement, 1 additional dose may be administered at least 2 hours after the first dose. The maximum daily dose is 40 mg in a 24-hour period.

The safety of treating an average of more than 4 headaches in a 30‑day period has not been established.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Unit dose nasal spray devices containing 5 mg or 20 mg sumatriptan.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Sumatriptan (nasal) in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Sumatriptan (nasal) in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Sumatriptan (nasal) in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Sumatriptan (nasal) in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

IMITREX Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with:

Ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) (angina pectoris, history of myocardial infarction, or documented silent ischemia) or coronary artery vasospasm, including Prinzmetal’s angina [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] History of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or history of hemiplegic or basilar migraine because these patients are at a higher risk of stroke [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Peripheral vascular disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] Ischemic bowel disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] Uncontrolled hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)] Recent use (i.e., within 24 hours) of ergotamine-containing medication, ergot-type medication (such as dihydroergotamine or methysergide), or another 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 (5-HT 1) agonist [see Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.3)] Concurrent administration of a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A inhibitor or recent (within 2 weeks) use of an MAO-A inhibitor [see Drug Interactions (7.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] Hypersensitivity to IMITREX (angioedema and anaphylaxis seen) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)] Severe hepatic impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]

Warnings

5.1 Myocardial Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, and Prinzmetal’s Angina The use of IMITREX Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with ischemic or vasospastic CAD. There have been rare reports of serious cardiac adverse reactions, including acute myocardial infarction, occurring within a few hours following administration of IMITREX Nasal Spray. Some of these reactions occurred in patients without known CAD. IMITREX Nasal Spray may cause coronary artery vasospasm (Prinzmetal’s angina), even in patients without a history of CAD.

Perform a cardiovascular evaluation in triptan-naive patients who have multiple cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., increased age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, strong family history of CAD) prior to receiving IMITREX Nasal Spray. If there is evidence of CAD or coronary artery vasospasm, IMITREX Nasal Spray is contraindicated. For patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors who have a negative cardiovascular evaluation, consider administering the first dose of IMITREX Nasal Spray in a medically supervised setting and performing an electrocardiogram (ECG) immediately following administration of IMITREX Nasal Spray. For such patients, consider periodic cardiovascular evaluation in intermittent long-term users of IMITREX Nasal Spray.

5.2 Arrhythmias Life-threatening disturbances of cardiac rhythm, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation leading to death, have been reported within a few hours following the administration of 5-HT1 agonists. Discontinue IMITREX Nasal Spray if these disturbances occur. IMITREX Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders.

5.3 Chest, Throat, Neck, and/or Jaw Pain/Tightness/Pressure Sensations of tightness, pain, pressure, and heaviness in the precordium, throat, neck, and jaw may occur after treatment with IMITREX Nasal Spray and are usually non-cardiac in origin. However, perform a cardiac evaluation if these patients are at high cardiac risk. The use of IMITREX Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with CAD and those with Prinzmetal’s variant angina.

5.4 Cerebrovascular Events Cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke have occurred in patients treated with 5-HT1 agonists, and some have resulted in fatalities. In a number of cases, it appears possible that the cerebrovascular events were primary, the 5-HT1 agonist having been administered in the incorrect belief that the symptoms experienced were a consequence of migraine when they were not. Also, patients with migraine may be at increased risk of certain cerebrovascular events (e.g., stroke, hemorrhage, TIA). Discontinue IMITREX Nasal Spray if a cerebrovascular event occurs.

Before treating headaches in patients not previously diagnosed as migraineurs, and in migraineurs who present with atypical symptoms, exclude other potentially serious neurological conditions. IMITREX Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with a history of stroke or TIA.

5.5 Other Vasospasm Reactions IMITREX Nasal Spray may cause non-coronary vasospastic reactions, such as peripheral vascular ischemia, gastrointestinal vascular ischemia and infarction (presenting with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea), splenic infarction, and Raynaud’s syndrome. In patients who experience symptoms or signs suggestive of non-coronary vasospasm reaction following the use of any 5-HT1 agonist, rule out a vasospastic reaction before using additional IMITREX Nasal Spray.

Reports of transient and permanent blindness and significant partial vision loss have been reported with the use of 5‑HT1 agonists. Since visual disorders may be part of a migraine attack, a causal relationship between these events and the use of 5-HT1 agonists have not been clearly established.

5.6 Medication Overuse Headache Overuse of acute migraine drugs (e.g., ergotamine, triptans, opioids, or combination of these drugs for 10 or more days per month) may lead to exacerbation of headache (medication overuse headache). Medication overuse headache may present as migraine-like daily headaches or as a marked increase in frequency of migraine attacks. Detoxification of patients, including withdrawal of the overused drugs, and treatment of withdrawal symptoms (which often includes a transient worsening of headache) may be necessary.

5.7 Serotonin Syndrome Serotonin syndrome may occur with IMITREX Nasal Spray, particularly during co-administration with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and MAO inhibitors [see Drug Interactions (7.4)]. Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, hyperthermia), neuromuscular aberrations (e.g., hyperreflexia, incoordination), and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). The onset of symptoms usually occurs within minutes to hours of receiving a new or a greater dose of a serotonergic medication. Discontinue IMITREX Nasal Spray if serotonin syndrome is suspected.

5.8 Increase in Blood Pressure Significant elevation in blood pressure, including hypertensive crisis with acute impairment of organ systems, has been reported on rare occasions in patients treated with 5-HT1 agonists, including patients without a history of hypertension. Monitor blood pressure in patients treated with IMITREX. IMITREX Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.

5.9 Local Irritation Local irritative symptoms such as burning, numbness, paresthesia, discharge, and pain or soreness were reported in approximately 5% of patients in controlled clinical trials and were noted to be severe in about 1%. The symptoms were transient and generally resolved in less than 2 hours. Limited examinations of the nose and throat did not reveal any clinically noticeable injury in these patients. The consequences of extended and repeated use of Imitrex Nasal Spray on the nasal and/or respiratory mucosa have not been systematically evaluated in patients.

5.10 Anaphylactic/Anaphylactoid Reactions Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions have occurred in patients receiving IMITREX. Such reactions can be life threatening or fatal. In general, anaphylactic reactions to drugs are more likely to occur in individuals with a history of sensitivity to multiple allergens. IMITREX Nasal Spray is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reaction to IMITREX.

5.11 Seizures Seizures have been reported following administration of IMITREX. Some have occurred in patients with either a history of seizures or concurrent conditions predisposing to seizures. There are also reports in patients where no such predisposing factors are apparent. IMITREX Nasal Spray should be used with caution in patients with a history of epilepsy or conditions associated with a lowered seizure threshold.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Table 1 lists adverse reactions that occurred in worldwide placebo-controlled clinical trials in 3,419 patients with migraine. Only treatment-emergent adverse reactions that occurred at a frequency of 1% or more in the group treated with IMITREX Nasal Spray 20 mg and that occurred at a frequency greater than the placebo group are included in Table 1.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

The incidence of adverse reactions in controlled clinical trials was not affected by gender, weight, or age of the patients; use of prophylactic medications; or presence of aura. There were insufficient data to assess the impact of race on the incidence of adverse reactions.

Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of IMITREX Tablets, IMITREX Nasal Spray, and IMITREX Injection. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. These reactions have been chosen for inclusion due to either their seriousness, frequency of reporting, or causal connection to IMITREX or a combination of these factors.

Cardiovascular: Hypotension, palpitations.

Neurological: Dystonia, tremor.

Drug Interactions

7.1 Ergot-Containing Drugs Ergot-containing drugs have been reported to cause prolonged vasospastic reactions. Because these effects may be additive, use of ergotamine-containing or ergot-type medications (like dihydroergotamine or methysergide) and IMITREX Nasal Spray within 24 hours of each other is contraindicated.

7.2 Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibitors MAO-A inhibitors increase systemic exposure by up to 7-fold. Therefore, the use of IMITREX Nasal Spray in patients receiving MAO-A inhibitors is contraindicated [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

7.3 Other 5-HT1 Agonists Because their vasospastic effects may be additive, co-administration of IMITREX Nasal Spray and other 5-HT1 agonists (e.g., triptans) within 24 hours of each other is contraindicated.

7.4 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin Syndrome Cases of serotonin syndrome have been reported during co-administration of triptans and SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and MAO inhibitors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): C There are no adequate and well-controlled trials in pregnant women. In developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits, oral administration of sumatriptan to pregnant animals was associated with embryolethality, fetal abnormalities, and pup mortality. When administered by the intravenous route to pregnant rabbits, sumatriptan was embryolethal. Developmental toxicity studies of sumatriptan by the intranasal route have not been conducted. IMITREX Nasal Spray should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Oral administration of sumatriptan to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis resulted in an increased incidence of fetal blood vessel (cervicothoracic and umbilical) abnormalities. The highest no-effect dose for embryofetal developmental toxicity in rats was 60 mg/kg/day. Oral administration of sumatriptan to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis resulted in increased incidences of embryolethality and fetal cervicothoracic vascular and skeletal abnormalities. Intravenous administration of sumatriptan to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis resulted in an increased incidence of embryolethality. The highest oral and intravenous no-effect doses for developmental toxicity in rabbits were 15 and 0.75 mg/kg/day, respectively.

Oral administration of sumatriptan to rats prior to and throughout gestation resulted in embryofetal toxicity (decreased body weight, decreased ossification, increased incidence of skeletal abnormalities). The highest no-effect dose was 50 mg/kg/day. In offspring of pregnant rats treated orally with sumatriptan during organogenesis, there was a decrease in pup survival. The highest no-effect dose for this effect was 60 mg/kg/day. Oral treatment of pregnant rats with sumatriptan during the latter part of gestation and throughout lactation resulted in a decrease in pup survival. The highest no-effect dose for this finding was 100 mg/kg/day.
Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Sumatriptan (nasal) in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Sumatriptan (nasal) during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

Sumatriptan is excreted in human milk following subcutaneous administration. Infant exposure to sumatriptan can be minimized by avoiding breastfeeding for 12 hours after treatment with IMITREX Nasal Spray.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. IMITREX Nasal Spray is not recommended for use in patients younger than 18 years of age.

Two controlled clinical trials evaluated IMITREX Nasal Spray (5 to 20 mg) in 1,248 adolescent migraineurs aged 12 to 17 years who treated a single attack. The trials did not establish the efficacy of IMITREX Nasal Spray compared with placebo in the treatment of migraine in adolescents. Adverse reactions observed in these clinical trials were similar in nature to those reported in clinical trials in adults.

Five controlled clinical trials (2 single-attack trials, 3 multiple-attack trials) evaluating oral IMITREX (25 to 100 mg) in pediatric patients aged 12 to 17 years enrolled a total of 701 adolescent migraineurs. These trials did not establish the efficacy of oral IMITREX compared with placebo in the treatment of migraine in adolescents. Adverse reactions observed in these clinical trials were similar in nature to those reported in clinical trials in adults. The frequency of all adverse reactions in these patients appeared to be both dose- and age-dependent, with younger patients reporting reactions more commonly than older adolescents.

Postmarketing experience documents that serious adverse reactions have occurred in the pediatric population after use of subcutaneous, oral, and/or intranasal IMITREX. These reports include reactions similar in nature to those reported rarely in adults, including stroke, visual loss, and death. A myocardial infarction has been reported in a 14‑year‑old male following the use of oral IMITREX; clinical signs occurred within 1 day of drug administration. Clinical data to determine the frequency of serious adverse reactions in pediatric patients who might receive subcutaneous, oral, or intranasal IMITREX are not presently available.

Geriatic Use

Clinical trials of IMITREX Nasal Spray did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

A cardiovascular evaluation is recommended for geriatric patients who have other cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, strong family history of CAD) prior to receiving IMITREX Nasal Spray [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sumatriptan (nasal) with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sumatriptan (nasal) with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sumatriptan (nasal) in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sumatriptan (nasal) in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Sumatriptan (nasal) in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Sumatriptan (nasal) in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Administration in the drug label.

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Monitoring in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Sumatriptan (nasal) and IV administrations.

Overdosage

In clinical trials, the highest single doses of IMITREX Nasal Spray administered without significant reactions were 40 mg to 12 volunteers and 40 mg to 85 subjects with migraine, which is twice the highest single recommended dose. In addition, 12 volunteers were administered a total daily dose of 60 mg (20 mg 3 times daily) for 3.5 days without significant adverse reactions.

Overdose in animals has been fatal and has been heralded by convulsions, tremor, paralysis, inactivity, ptosis, erythema of the extremities, abnormal respiration, cyanosis, ataxia, mydriasis, salivation, and lacrimation.

The elimination half‑life of sumatriptan is approximately 2 hours [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)], and therefore monitoring of patients after overdose with IMITREX Nasal Spray should continue for at least 10 hours or while symptoms or signs persist.

It is unknown what effect hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis has on the serum concentrations of sumatriptan.

Pharmacology

Sumatriptan (nasal)

Clinical data
Trade names	Imitrex, Imigran,Treximet
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
[[Regulation of therapeutic goods |Template:Engvar data]]	US FDA: Sumatriptan
Pregnancy category	C
Routes of administration	tablet, subcutaneous injection, nasal spray
ATC code	N02CC01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	15% (oral)/ 96% (s.c)
Protein binding	14–21%
Metabolism	MAO
Elimination half-life	2.5 hours
Excretion	60% urine; 40% feces
Identifiers
IUPAC name 1-[3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide
CAS Number	103628-46-2 Y
PubChem CID	5358
IUPHAR/BPS	54
DrugBank	DB00669 Y
ChemSpider	5165 Y
UNII	8R78F6L9VO
KEGG	D00451 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:10650 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL128 Y
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C14H21N3O2S
Molar mass	295.402 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=S(=O)(NC)Cc1cc2c(cc1)ncc2CCN(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C14H21N3O2S/c1-15-20(18,19)10-11-4-5-14-13(8-11)12(9-16-14)6-7-17(2)3/h4-5,8-9,15-16H,6-7,10H2,1-3H3 Y Key:KQKPFRSPSRPDEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
(verify)

Mechanism of Action

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Mechanism of Action in the drug label.

Structure

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Structure in the drug label.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Pharmacodynamics in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Pharmacokinetics in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Nonclinical Toxicology in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Clinical Studies in the drug label.

How Supplied

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) How Supplied in the drug label.

Storage

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

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Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Patient Counseling Information in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Sumatriptan (nasal) interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Brand Names in the drug label.

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Sumatriptan (nasal) Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.