Sandbox g12

• Risk categories for antimicrobial agents known to have an association with TdP

• Drugs with known TdP risk

• Azithromycin (Zithromax®, Zmax®)
• Chloroquine (Aralen®)
• Ciprofloxacin (Cipro®, Cipro-XR®, Neofloxin®)
• Clarithromycin (Biaxin®, Prevpac®)
• Erythromycin (E.E.S.®, Robimycin®, EMycin®, Erymax®, Ery-Tab®, Eryc Ranbaxy®, Erypar®, Eryped®, Erythrocin Stearate Filmtab®, Erythrocot®, E-Base®, Erythroped®, Ilosone®, MY-E®, Pediamycin®, Zineryt®, Abboticin®, Abboticin-ES®, Erycin®, PCE Dispertab®, Stiemycine®, Acnasol®, Tiloryth®)
• Fluconazole (Diflucan®, Trican®)
• Halofantrine (Halfan®)
• Levofloxacin (Levaquin®, Tavanic®)
• Moxifloxacin (Avelox®, Avalox®, Avelon®)
• Pentamidine (Pentam®)
• Sparfloxacin (Zagam®)

• Drugs with possible TdP risk

• Atazanavir (Reyataz®)
• Bedaquiline (Sirturo®)
• Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (Eurartesim®)
• Foscarnet (Foscavir®)
• Gatifloxacin (Tequin®)
• Gemifloxacin (Factive®)
• Norfloxacin (Noroxin®, Ambigram®)
• Ofloxacin (Floxin®)
• Rilpivirine (Edurant®, Complera®, Eviplera®)
• Roxithromycin (Rulide®, Xthrocin®, Roxl-150®, Roxo®, Surlid®, Rulide®, Biaxsig®, Roxar®, Roximycinv®, Roxomycin®, Rulid®, Tirabicin®, Coroxin®)
• Saquinavir (Invirase®(combo))
• Telavancin (Vibativ®)
• Telithromycin (Ketek®)

• Drugs with conditional TdP risk

• Amantadine (Symmetrel®, Symadine®)
• Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®, Quineprox®)
• Itraconazole (Sporanox®, Onmel®)
• Ketoconazole (Nizoral®, Sebizole®, Ketomed®, Keton®)
• Metronidazole (Flagyl® and many others)
• Nelfinavir (Viracept®)
• Posaconazole (Noxafil®, Posamol®)
• Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin®)
• Ritonavir (Norvir®)
• Telaprevir (Incivek®, Incivo®)
• Voriconazole (VFend®)

• Drugs to be avoided by congenital Long QT

• Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Septra®, Bactrim®, Sulfatrim®, Biseptol®, Co-trimoxazole®, Cotrim®, Septrin®, Trisul®)

• Torsades de pointes risk stratification schedules for antimicrobial agents

• Schedule I (Highest TdP risk, potent IKr blockers, TdP risk >1%)

• Not available

• Schedule II (Significant risk for TdP, particularly when coadministered with CYP inhibitors, relatively potent IKr blockade)

• Not available

• Schedule III (Risk for TdP is described, IKr blockade, particularly when coadministered with CYP inhibitors)

• Clarithromycin (Biaxin®, Prevpac®)
• Erythromycin (A/T/S®, Akne-Mycin®, Emgel®, Ery-Tab®, Eryc®, Erycette®, Eryderm®, Erygel®)
• Itraconazole
• Ketoconazole
• Pentamidine (Pentam®)
• Sparfloxacin (Zagam®)

• Schedule IV (Minimal risk for TdP, case reports of TdP, mild IKr blockade, may have CYP interactions)

• Fluconazole
• Gatifloxacin
• Gemifloxacin
• Grepafloxacin
• Levofloxacin
• Moxifloxacin
• Telithromycin
• Voriconazole

• Schedule V (Questionable/minimal risk for QT interval prolongation/TdP)

• Azithromycin
• Ciprofloxacin
• Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim