Macrocephaly (patient information)

Macrocephaly
Overview
What are the symptoms?
What are the causes?
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for Macrocephaly?
Prevention
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Macrocephaly On the Web
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
Images of Macrocephaly
Videos on Macrocephaly
FDA on Macrocephaly
CDC on Macrocephaly
Macrocephaly in the news
Blogs on Macrocephaly
Directions to Hospitals Treating Macrocephaly
Risk calculators and risk factors for Macrocephaly

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Increased head circumference is when the measured distance around the widest part of the skull is larger than expected for the child's age and background.

What are the symptoms of Macrocephaly?

Increased pressure in the head (increased intracranial pressure) often occurs with increased head circumference. Symptoms of this condition include:

• Eyes moving downward
• Irritability
• Vomiting

What causes Macrocephaly?

Benign familial macrocephaly (family tendency toward large head size)

• Canavan disease
• Hurler syndrome
• Hydrocephalus (congenital, post-traumatic, or obstructive)
• Intracranial bleeding
• Morquio syndrome

When to seek urgent medical care?

• The health care provider usually finds macrocephaly during a routine well-baby exam.

• The health care provider will take a medical history and will perform a physical examination.

• Medical history questions may include:
  • Time pattern
    • When did you first notice that the baby's head seemed large?
    • Does the baby's head size seem to be increasing faster compared to the growth of the body?
  • Location
    • Does the head seem larger all over?
    • Is the head growing more in a front-to-back pattern or in a side-to-side pattern?
  • Other
    • What other symptoms are present (especially changes in brain or nervous system functions)?

• The distance is measured in centimeters or inches and compared with:
  • Past measurments of a child's head circumference
  • Normal ranges for a child's sex and age (weeks, months) -- based on normal growth rates of infants' and children's heads

• A careful physical exam will be done. Other milestones for growth and development will be checked.

• In some cases, a single measurement is enough to confirm that there is a size increase that needs to be tested further. More often, repeated measurements of the head circumference over a period of time are needed to confirm that the head circumference is increased and the problem is getting worse.

• Diagnostic tests vary depending on the cause, but often include:
  • Head CT scan
  • MRI of the head

Where to find medical care for Macrocephaly?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Macrocephaly

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003305.htm