Babesiosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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# Humans usually are dead-end hosts. However, human-to-human transmission is well recognized to occur via contaminated [[blood transfusions]]. | # Humans usually are dead-end hosts. However, human-to-human transmission is well recognized to occur via contaminated [[blood transfusions]]. | ||
====Life Cycle of Babesia | ====Life Cycle of ''Babesia microti''==== | ||
The ''Babesia microti'' life cycle involves two hosts, which includes a rodent, primarily the white-footed mouse, ''Peromyscus leucopus'', and a tick in the genus, ''Ixodes''. During a blood meal, a ''Babesia''-infected tick introduces sporozoites into the mouse host (1). Sporozoites enter erythrocytes and undergo asexual reproduction (budding) (2). In the blood, some parasites differentiate into male and female gametes although these cannot be distinguished at the light microscope level (3). The definitive host is the tick. Once ingested by an appropriate tick (4), gametes unite and undergo a sporogonic cycle resulting in sporozoites (5). Transovarial transmission (also known as vertical, or hereditary, transmission) has been documented for "large" ''Babesia'' spp. but not for the "small" babesiae, such as ''B. microti'' (A). | |||
Humans enter the cycle when bitten by infected ticks. During a blood meal, a ''Babesia''-infected tick introduces sporozoites into the human host (6). Sporozoites enter erythrocytes (B) and undergo asexual replication (budding) (7). Multiplication of the blood stage parasites is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. Humans are, for all practical purposes, dead-end hosts and there is probably little, if any, subsequent transmission that occurs from ticks feeding on infected persons. However, human to human transmission is well recognized to occur through blood transfusions (8). | |||
<gallery widths=200px> | |||
Babesia_LifeCycle.gif | Life cycle of <br> [http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/babesiosis/index.html <font size="-2">''Adapted from CDC''</font>] | |||
</gallery> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:57, 24 June 2015
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Babesiosis Microchapters |
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Babesiosis pathophysiology On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Babesiosis pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Babesia parasites reproduce in red blood cells, where they can be seen as cross-shaped inclusions (4 merozoites asexually budding but attached together forming a structure looking like a "Maltese Cross") and cause hemolytic anemia, quite similar to malaria.
Note that unlike the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria, Babesia species lack an exo-erythrotic phase, so the liver is usually not affected.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
The Babesia microti life cycle involves two hosts, which include a rodent, primarily the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, and a tick in the genus Ixodes. [1]
- During a blood meal, a Babesia-infected tick introduces sporozoites into the mouse host.
- Sporozoites enter erythrocytes and undergo asexual reproduction (budding).
- In the blood, some parasites differentiate into male and female gametes, although these cannot be distinguished by light microscopy.
- The definitive host is the tick. Once ingested by an appropriate tick, Gametes unite and undergo a sporogonic cycle resulting in sporozoites.
- Humans enter the cycle when bitten by infected ticks. During a blood meal, a Babesia-infected tick introduces sporozoites into the human host.
- Sporozoites enter erythrocytes and undergo asexual replication (budding).
- Multiplication of the blood-stage parasites is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease.
- Humans usually are dead-end hosts. However, human-to-human transmission is well recognized to occur via contaminated blood transfusions.
Life Cycle of Babesia microti
The Babesia microti life cycle involves two hosts, which includes a rodent, primarily the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, and a tick in the genus, Ixodes. During a blood meal, a Babesia-infected tick introduces sporozoites into the mouse host (1). Sporozoites enter erythrocytes and undergo asexual reproduction (budding) (2). In the blood, some parasites differentiate into male and female gametes although these cannot be distinguished at the light microscope level (3). The definitive host is the tick. Once ingested by an appropriate tick (4), gametes unite and undergo a sporogonic cycle resulting in sporozoites (5). Transovarial transmission (also known as vertical, or hereditary, transmission) has been documented for "large" Babesia spp. but not for the "small" babesiae, such as B. microti (A).
Humans enter the cycle when bitten by infected ticks. During a blood meal, a Babesia-infected tick introduces sporozoites into the human host (6). Sporozoites enter erythrocytes (B) and undergo asexual replication (budding) (7). Multiplication of the blood stage parasites is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. Humans are, for all practical purposes, dead-end hosts and there is probably little, if any, subsequent transmission that occurs from ticks feeding on infected persons. However, human to human transmission is well recognized to occur through blood transfusions (8).
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Life cycle of
Adapted from CDC
