Enterococcus faecalis: Difference between revisions

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Line 39: Line 39:
:* Endocarditis
:* Endocarditis
::* Preferred regimen:
::* Preferred regimen:
 
Vancomycin resistent :
:* Meningitis
:* Meningitis
::* Preferred regimen:
::* Preferred regimen:


:* Urinary tract infection, intra-abdominal infection, wound infection
:* Urinary tract infection, intra-abdominal infection, pelvic infection,  wound infection
::* Preferred regimen:
::* Preferred regimen:
:* Neonatal infections
:*Skin and soft tissue infections (wound infection)


==Prophylaxis==
==Prophylaxis==

Revision as of 18:13, 24 June 2015

Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecalis as viewed through a scanning electron microscope
Enterococcus faecalis as viewed through a scanning electron microscope
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Enterococcaceae
Genus: Enterococcus
Species: E. faecalis
Binomial name
Enterococcus faecalis
(Orla-Jensen 1919)
Schleifer & Kilpper-Bälz 1984

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals.[1] Like other species in the genus Enterococcus, E. faecalis can cause life-threatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial (hospital) environment: the naturally high levels of antibiotic resistance found in E. faecalis contribute to its pathogenicity.[1]

Pathogenesis

E. faecalis can cause endocarditis, as well as bladder, prostate, and epididymal infections; nervous system infections are less common.[1][2]

E. faecalis is resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial agents (aminoglycosides, aztreonam, cephalosporins, clindamycin, the semi-synthetic penicillins nafcillin and oxacillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Exposure to cephalosporins is a particularly important risk factor for colonization and infection with enterococci.

Historical

Prior to 1984, enterococci were members of the genus Streptococcus: thus E. faecalis was known as Streptococcus faecalis.[3]

Treatment

Antimicrobial Regimen

  • Enterococcus faecalis
  • Bacteremia, catheter-related infection
  • Preferred regimen:
  • Endocarditis
  • Preferred regimen:

Vancomycin resistent :

  • Meningitis
  • Preferred regimen:
  • Urinary tract infection, intra-abdominal infection, pelvic infection, wound infection
  • Preferred regimen:
  • Neonatal infections
  • Skin and soft tissue infections (wound infection)

Prophylaxis

Antimicrobial Regimen

Gallery

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 294&ndash, 5. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
  2. Pelletier LL (1996). Microbiology of the Circulatory System. in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
  3. Schleifer KH; Kilpper-Balz R (1984). "Transfer of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium to the genus Enterococcus nom. rev. as Enterococcus faecalis comb. nov. and Enterococcus faecium comb. nov". Int. J. Sys. Bacteriol. 34: 31&ndash, 34.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".

External links