Bronchiectasis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
*There is often a delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis | *There is often a delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis | ||
*The classic symptoms are cough and daily mucopurulent sputum production | *The classic symptoms are [[cough]] and daily [[mucopurulent]] [[sputum]] production | ||
*These symptoms are usually present for months to years | *These symptoms are usually present for months to years | ||
*The symptoms are manifestations of the lung being repeatedly damaged due to any number of causes | *The symptoms are manifestations of the lung being repeatedly damaged due to any number of causes | ||
Revision as of 18:22, 26 June 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
Bronchiectasis is normally diagnosed after months or years of symptoms. Patients have respiratory complications, infection, and hemoptysis Death can be caused by cardiac and respiratory failure. Bronchiectasis shows a higher mortality with males, advanced age, poor functional status, severe disease based on radiographic findings, and evidence of hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
Natural History
- There is often a delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis
- The classic symptoms are cough and daily mucopurulent sputum production
- These symptoms are usually present for months to years
- The symptoms are manifestations of the lung being repeatedly damaged due to any number of causes
Complications
- Recurrent infection
- Increased sputum production
- Decreased air is traveling through the bronchus
- Less oxygen is being distributed everywhere
- Causes pulmonary constriction which increases the pulmonary pressure
- Cor pulmonale (common cause of death)
- Respiratory failure (common cause of death)
Prognosis
- Bronchiectasis has been shown to contribute to early mortality[1]
- Early mortality is associated with males[1]
- Factors associated with higher mortality are advanced age, poor functional status, more severe disease based on radiographic findings, and evidence of hypoxemia or hypercapnia[2]
- In US long-term cohort of 91 patients, 30% died during a 13-year follow-up period (median age 60 years)[1]
- Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, severe exacerbations, and systemic inflammation are associated with disease advancement
- 10% of adults die within 5-8 years of diagnosis (majority being respiratory related)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McDonnell MJ, Ward C, Lordan JL, Rutherford RM (2013). "Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis". QJM. 106 (8): 709–15. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hct109. PMID 23728208.
- ↑ Onen ZP, Eris Gulbay B, Sen E, Akkoca Yildiz O, Saryal S, Acican T, Karabiyikoglu G (2007). "Analysis of the factors related to mortality in patients with bronchiectasis". Respir Med. 101 (7): 1390–97. PMID 17374480.
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