Bronchiectasis causes: Difference between revisions
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| '''Inflammatory Bowel Disease''' | | '''Inflammatory Bowel Disease''' | ||
| The exact pathogenesis is unknown for the link between inflammatory bowel disease and bronchiectasis | | The exact pathogenesis is unknown for the link between inflammatory bowel disease and bronchiectasis | ||
Bronchiectasis is more common among patients with [[ulcerative colitis]] than those with Crohn's disease | |||
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| '''Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis''' (ABPA) | | '''Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis''' (ABPA) | ||
| Development of bronchiectasis is associated with inhalation of [[fungus]] spores<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ferguson HR, Convery RP |title=An unusual complication of ulcerative colitis |language=English |journal=Postgrad. Med. J. |volume=78 |issue= |pages=503 |year=2002 |pmid= |doi=}}</ref> | | Development of bronchiectasis is associated with inhalation of [[fungus]] spores<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ferguson HR, Convery RP |title=An unusual complication of ulcerative colitis |language=English |journal=Postgrad. Med. J. |volume=78 |issue= |pages=503 |year=2002 |pmid= |doi=}}</ref> | ||
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| Connective Tissue Diseases such as '''Rheumatoid arthritis''' | | Connective Tissue Diseases such as ''' Rheumatoid arthritis''' | ||
| Patterns of lung injury are common in connective tissue disease - which eventually leads to bronchiectasis | | Patterns of lung injury are common in connective tissue disease - which eventually leads to bronchiectasis | ||
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| The environmental irritants cause inflammation in the airways that can lead to bronchiectasis | | The environmental irritants cause inflammation in the airways that can lead to bronchiectasis | ||
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| '''Alcoholism''' | | ''' Alcoholism''' | ||
| Heavy drinking causes a deficiency of the antioxidant glutathione in the lungs, which increases the susceptibility of various lung diseases including bronchiectasis | | Heavy drinking causes a deficiency of the antioxidant glutathione in the lungs, which increases the susceptibility of various lung diseases including bronchiectasis | ||
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Revision as of 20:28, 29 June 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview
Bronchiectasis can be caused by both, congenital and acquired factors. Congenital factors include conditions such as Kartagener syndrome and Young's syndrome. Acquired factors include tuberculosis infections such as endobronchial tuberculosis as well as inflammatory bowel diseases like Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease.
Causes
Bronchiectasis may be either congenital or acquired. Acquired bronchiectasis is more common than congenital bronchiectasis.
Congenital
The following table lists the congenital causes of bronchiectasis:
| Causes | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Kartagener syndrome | Bronchiectasis is secondary to the impaired mobility of cilia in the lungs[1] | |
| Cystic fibrosis | A small number of patients develop severe localized bronchiectasis | Development of bronchiectasis is mainly due to the increased risk of chronic sinopulmonary infections[2] |
| Young's Syndrome | Similar to CF and may be a genetic variant | Development of bronchiectasis is mainly due to the increased risk of chronic sinopulmonary infections[3] |
| Yellow Nail Syndrome | This is a rare disorder characterized by pleural effusions, lymphedema, and yellow dystrophic nails, chronic bronchitis, sinus infections, and bronchiectasis | |
| Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency | The pathophysiology of development of bronchiectasis among these patients is yet to be understood[4] | |
| Primary Immunodeficiencies | Bronchiectasis is caused by the weakened immune system's response to severe, recurrent pulmonary infections[5] |
Acquired
Acquired bronchiectasis is more common than congenital bronchiectasis. The following table lists the acquired causes of bronchiectasis.
| Causes | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Post Infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal, atypical mycobacterial) | Such as tuberculosis (either from bronchial stenosis or secondary traction from fibrosis), pneumonia, measles, pertussis | |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | AIDS is caused by untreated HIV viral infection. Development of bronchiectasis is due to development of opportunistic pulmonary infections[6] | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | The exact pathogenesis is unknown for the link between inflammatory bowel disease and bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is more common among patients with ulcerative colitis than those with Crohn's disease | |
| Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) | Development of bronchiectasis is associated with inhalation of fungus spores[7] | |
| Connective Tissue Diseases such as Rheumatoid arthritis | Patterns of lung injury are common in connective tissue disease - which eventually leads to bronchiectasis | |
| Airway obstructions | Such as tumors or enlarged lymph nodes | These obstructions can block the airways leading to bronchiectasis |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | The mucus build up from COPD can lead to bronchiectasis | |
| Environmental exposures such as ammonia | The environmental irritants cause inflammation in the airways that can lead to bronchiectasis | |
| Alcoholism | Heavy drinking causes a deficiency of the antioxidant glutathione in the lungs, which increases the susceptibility of various lung diseases including bronchiectasis | |
| Drug use such as heroin | ||
| Various allergies | Allergies cause inflammation in the airways that can lead to bronchiectasis |
References
- ↑ Morillas HN, Zariwala M, Knowles MR (2007). "Genetic Causes of Bronchiectasis: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia". Respiration. 72 (3): 252–63. PMID 17534128.
- ↑ Dalrymple-Hay MJ, Lucas J, Connett G, Lea RE (1999). "Lung resection for the treatment of severe localized bronchiectasis in cystic fibrosis patients". Acta Chir Hung. 38 (1): 23–5. PMID 10439089.
- ↑ Handelsman DJ, Conway AJ, Boylan LM, & Turtle JR (1984). "Young's syndrome. Obstructive azoospermia and chronic sinopulmonary infections". NEJM. 310 (1): 3–9.
- ↑ Shin MS, Ho KJ (1993). "Bronchiectasis in patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. A rare occurrence?". Chest. 104: 1384–86.
- ↑ Notarangelo LD, Plebani A, Mazzolari E, Soresina A, Bondioni MP (2007). "Genetic causes of bronchiectasis: primary immune deficiencies and the lung". Respiration. 74 (3): 264–75. PMID 17534129.
- ↑ Sheikh S, Madiraju K, Steiner P, Rao M (1997). "Bronchiectasis in pediatric AIDS". Chest. 112 (5): 1202–7. PMID 9367458.
- ↑ Ferguson HR, Convery RP (2002). "An unusual complication of ulcerative colitis". Postgrad. Med. J. 78: 503.
- ↑ Lamari NM, Martins ALQ, Oliveira JV, Marino LC, Valério N (2006). "Bronchiectasis and clearence physiotherapy: emphasis in postural drainage and percussion". Braz. j. cardiovasc. surg. (in Portuguese). 21 (2).