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| {{CMG}} {{AE}} Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D. | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D. |
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| Introduction to the Historical Perspective Page
| | = Overview== |
| | In 1819, René Laennec, the man who invented the stethoscope, used his invention to first discover bronchiectasis in 1819. In 1880s, Dr. William Osler, a Canadian physican, researched bronchiectasis in greater detail. |
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| | ==Bronchiectasis Historical Perspective== |
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| | *In 1819, René Laennec, the man who invented the stethoscope, used his invention to first discover bronchiectasis in 1819<ref name="Roguin2006">{{cite journal|last1=Roguin|first1=A.|title=Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781-1826): The Man Behind the Stethoscope|journal=Clinical Medicine & Research|volume=4|issue=3|year=2006|pages=230–235|issn=1539-4182|doi=10.3121/cmr.4.3.230}}</ref> |
| | *Laennec described it as "abnormal dilatation of bronchi and bronchioles due to repeated cycles of airway infection and inflammation"<ref name="O'Donnell2008">{{cite journal|last1=O'Donnell|first1=Anne E.|title=Bronchiectasis|journal=CHEST Journal|volume=134|issue=4|year=2008|pages=815|issn=0012-3692|doi=10.1378/chest.08-0776}}</ref> |
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| Overview
| | *In 1880s, Dr. William Osler, a Canadian physican, researched bronchiectasis in greater detail<ref name="Wrong2003">{{cite journal|last1=Wrong|first1=O.|title=Osler and my father|journal=JRSM|volume=96|issue=9|year=2003|pages=462–464|issn=0141-0768|doi=10.1258/jrsm.96.9.462}}</ref> |
| | *In the late 20th century, it was thought to be an orphan disease |
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| In the 19th century, sleep apnea was first described in literature. It has often been misdiagnosed as narcolepsy or skepticism. In 1981, Collin Sullivan invented the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of sleep apnea. Before sleep apnea was recognized as a separate sleep disorder, it was viewed as a type of insomnia or an age-related phenomenon. In early 20th century, William Osler, coined the term “Pickwickian syndrome” describing “the fat boy” Joe in Charles Dickens novel, The Pickwick Paper. This gave a clinical picture of sleep apnea.
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| Discovery
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| *In 1890, Silas Weir Mitchell, a neurologist and American toxicologist, described it as respiratory failure in sleep because of the "failure of the chest and diaphragmatic movements" <ref name="Lavie1984">{{cite journal|last1=Lavie|first1=[ill]etz|title=[ill]othing New Under the Moon|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=144|issue=10|year=1984|pages=2025|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010145023}}</ref>
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| *The second half of the 19th century described sleep apnea very vividly with<ref name="Lavie1984">{{cite journal|last1=Lavie|first1=[ill]etz|title=[ill]othing New Under the Moon|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=144|issue=10|year=1984|pages=2025|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010145023}}</ref>
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| :*Airway obstructions
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| :*Noisy snoring
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| :*Nocturnal insomnia
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| :*Excessive somnolence
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| *Medical literature describes early reports of those severely affected with sleep apnea presenting with hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and congestive heart failure
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| *Sleep apnea has been misdiagnosed as narcolepsy and skepticism because of somnolence as a clinical sign<ref name="Lavie1984">{{cite journal|last1=Lavie|first1=[ill]etz|title=[ill]othing New Under the Moon|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=144|issue=10|year=1984|pages=2025|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1984.04400010145023}}</ref>
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| Development of Treatment Strategies
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| *In 1981, Colin Sullivan and associates in Sydney improved the management of obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) <ref name="SullivanBerthon-Jones1981">{{cite journal|last1=Sullivan|first1=ColinE.|last2=Berthon-Jones|first2=Michael|last3=Issa|first3=FaiqG.|last4=Eves|first4=Lorraine|title=REVERSAL OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA BY CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE APPLIED THROUGH THE NARES|journal=The Lancet|volume=317|issue=8225|year=1981|pages=862–865|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92140-1}}</ref>
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| *By the late 1980s, CPAP was transformed from the bulky and noisy first models and widely used
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| *With the an effective treatment available for those with sleep apnea, specialized clinics dedicated to diagnosis and treatment multiplied
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| Impact on Cultural History
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| *April 18 is Sleep Apnea Awareness Day in recognition of Colin Sullivan (Australian physician, professor, and inventor)
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| *Before sleep apnea was recognized as a separate sleep disorder, it was viewed as a type of insomnia or an age-related phenomenon<ref name="pmid23560353">{{cite journal| author=Shaw R, McKenzie S, Taylor T, Olafiranye O, Boutin-Foster C, Ogedegbe G et al.| title=Beliefs and attitudes toward obstructive sleep apnea evaluation and treatment among blacks. | journal=J Natl Med Assoc | year= 2012 | volume= 104 | issue= 11-12 | pages= 510-9 | pmid=23560353 | doi= | pmc=PMC3740354 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23560353 }} </ref>
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| Famous Cases
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| *In early 20th century, William Osler, a physician and one of the four founding professors of Johns Hopkins Hospital, coined the term “Pickwickian syndrome” <ref name="pmid3910333">{{cite journal| author=Kryger MH| title=Fat, sleep, and Charles Dickens: literary and medical contributions to the understanding of sleep apnea. | journal=Clin Chest Med | year= 1985 | volume= 6 | issue= 4 | pages= 555-62 | pmid=3910333 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3910333 }} </ref>
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| *Osler was describing a “the fat boy” Joe in Charles Dickens novel The Pickwick Paper <ref name="pmid3910333">{{cite journal| author=Kryger MH| title=Fat, sleep, and Charles Dickens: literary and medical contributions to the understanding of sleep apnea. | journal=Clin Chest Med | year= 1985 | volume= 6 | issue= 4 | pages= 555-62 | pmid=3910333 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3910333 }} </ref>
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| *The novel gives a clinical picture of a patient with sleep apnea
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.
Overview=
In 1819, René Laennec, the man who invented the stethoscope, used his invention to first discover bronchiectasis in 1819. In 1880s, Dr. William Osler, a Canadian physican, researched bronchiectasis in greater detail.
Bronchiectasis Historical Perspective
- In 1819, René Laennec, the man who invented the stethoscope, used his invention to first discover bronchiectasis in 1819[1]
- Laennec described it as "abnormal dilatation of bronchi and bronchioles due to repeated cycles of airway infection and inflammation"[2]
- In 1880s, Dr. William Osler, a Canadian physican, researched bronchiectasis in greater detail[3]
- In the late 20th century, it was thought to be an orphan disease
References
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