Hyperpigmentation: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | |||
In [[dermatology]], '''hyperpigmentation''' is the darkening of an area of [[skin]] or [[nail (anatomy)|nails]] caused by increased [[melanin]]. | In [[dermatology]], '''hyperpigmentation''' is the darkening of an area of [[skin]] or [[nail (anatomy)|nails]] caused by increased [[melanin]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Hyperpigmentation may be caused by sun damage, [[inflammation]], or other skin injuries, including those related to [[acne vulgaris]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.aocd.org/skin/dermatologic_diseases/hyperpigmentation.html | title = Hyperpigmentation | publisher = American Osteopathic College of Dermatology | work = Dermatalogic Disease Database | accessdate = 2006-03-08}}</ref> People with darker Asian, east Indian, mediterranean or African skin tones are also more prone to hyperpigmentation especially if they have excess sun exposure. | Hyperpigmentation may be caused by sun damage, [[inflammation]], or other skin injuries, including those related to [[acne vulgaris]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.aocd.org/skin/dermatologic_diseases/hyperpigmentation.html | title = Hyperpigmentation | publisher = American Osteopathic College of Dermatology | work = Dermatalogic Disease Database | accessdate = 2006-03-08}}</ref> People with darker Asian, east Indian, mediterranean or African skin tones are also more prone to hyperpigmentation especially if they have excess sun exposure. | ||
Hyperpigmentation is associated with a number of diseases or conditions, including: | Hyperpigmentation is associated with a number of diseases or conditions, including: | ||
*[[Addison's disease]] and other sources of [[adrenal insufficiency]], in which hormones that stimulate melanin synthesis (e.g. [[melanocyte-stimulating hormone|MSH]]) are frequently elevated. | *[[Addison's disease]] and other sources of [[adrenal insufficiency]], in which hormones that stimulate melanin synthesis (e.g. [[melanocyte-stimulating hormone|MSH]]) are frequently elevated. | ||
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*[[Sertaconazole]] | *[[Sertaconazole]] | ||
*[[Siltuximab]] | *[[Siltuximab]] | ||
Hyperpigmentation can also be induced by [[dermatological]] [[laser]] procedures, although not common. | Hyperpigmentation can also be induced by [[dermatological]] [[laser]] procedures, although not common. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of hyperpigmentation may include [[hydroquinone]], [[kojic acid]], [[azelaic acid]], [[ascorbic acid]], [[tretinoin]] ([[Retinol]]), topical [[glucocorticoid]]s, and [[licorice]] extract. Note that all treatments will fail if the affected area is exposed to the sun and if there is not adequate UVA/UVB protection. | Treatment of hyperpigmentation may include [[hydroquinone]], [[kojic acid]], [[azelaic acid]], [[ascorbic acid]], [[tretinoin]] ([[Retinol]]), topical [[glucocorticoid]]s, and [[licorice]] extract. Note that all treatments will fail if the affected area is exposed to the sun and if there is not adequate UVA/UVB protection. | ||
==Physical examination for hyperpigmentation due to Amiodarone== | |||
<gallery widths=200px> | |||
2743.jpg | Hyperpigmentation Due To Amiodarone. <br> [http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=197 <font size="-2">''With permission of Dermatology Atlas''</font>] | |||
HP2747.jpg | Hyperpigmentation Due To Amiodarone. <br> [http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=197 <font size="-2">''With permission of Dermatology Atlas''</font>] | |||
HP2745.jpg | Hyperpigmentation Due To Amiodarone. <br> [http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=197 <font size="-2">''With permission of Dermatology Atlas''</font>] | |||
IMAGE.jpg | Hyperpigmentation Due To Amiodarone. <br> [http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=197 <font size="-2">''With permission of Dermatology Atlas''</font>] | |||
</gallery> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{commonscat|Acne}} | {{commonscat|Acne}} | ||
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[[Category:Medical signs]] | [[Category:Medical signs]] | ||
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Revision as of 18:32, 28 July 2015
| Hyperpigmentation | |
| DiseasesDB | 24638 |
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| MeSH | D017495 |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
In dermatology, hyperpigmentation is the darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin.
Causes
Hyperpigmentation may be caused by sun damage, inflammation, or other skin injuries, including those related to acne vulgaris.[1] People with darker Asian, east Indian, mediterranean or African skin tones are also more prone to hyperpigmentation especially if they have excess sun exposure. Hyperpigmentation is associated with a number of diseases or conditions, including:
- Addison's disease and other sources of adrenal insufficiency, in which hormones that stimulate melanin synthesis (e.g. MSH) are frequently elevated.
- Cushing's disease, excessive ACTH production; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) production is a byproduct of ACTH synthesis from Proopiomelanocortin (POMC).
- Dexamethasone
- Doxycycline
- acanthosis nigricans, or hyperpigmentation of intertriginous areas associated with insulin resistance.
- chloasma, or patchy hyperpigmentation often found in pregnant women
- Indinavir
- linea nigra, a hyperpigmented line found on the abdomen during pregnancy
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperpigmented macules on the lips and oral mucosa and gastrointestinal polyps.
- Certain chemicals such as salicylic acid, bleomycin, and cisplatin.
- Prednisolone, Retinol
- Smoker's melanosis.
- Celiac Disease.
- Cronkite-Canada syndrome
- Tinea fungal infections such as ringworm.
- Hydroxyurea (patient information)
Drug Induced
Hyperpigmentation can also be induced by dermatological laser procedures, although not common.
Treatment
Treatment of hyperpigmentation may include hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, ascorbic acid, tretinoin (Retinol), topical glucocorticoids, and licorice extract. Note that all treatments will fail if the affected area is exposed to the sun and if there is not adequate UVA/UVB protection.
Physical examination for hyperpigmentation due to Amiodarone
-
Hyperpigmentation Due To Amiodarone.
With permission of Dermatology Atlas -
Hyperpigmentation Due To Amiodarone.
With permission of Dermatology Atlas -
Hyperpigmentation Due To Amiodarone.
With permission of Dermatology Atlas -
Hyperpigmentation Due To Amiodarone.
With permission of Dermatology Atlas
See also
References
- ↑ "Hyperpigmentation". Dermatalogic Disease Database. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. Retrieved 2006-03-08.
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