Campylobacteriosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Campylobacter organisms are curved or spiral, motile, non–spore-forming, [[gram-negative]] rods. The known routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, raw [[milk]] and [[poultry]] ingestion, and waterborne (ie, through contaminated water supplies). Exposure to sick pets, especially puppies, has also been associated with outbreaks. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
''Campylobacter'' organisms are curved or spiral, motile, non–spore-forming, [[gram-negative]] rods. The known routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, raw [[milk]] and [[poultry]] ingestion, and waterborne (ie, through contaminated water supplies). Exposure to sick pets, especially puppies, has also been associated with outbreaks. The infectious dose is 1000-10,000 bacteria. ''Campylobacter'' species are sensitive to [[hydrochloric acid]] in the [[stomach]], and acid reduction treatment can reduce the amount of inoculum needed to cause disease. Symptoms begin after an incubation period of one to seven days. The sites of tissue injury include the [[jejunum]], the [[ileum]], and the [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]]. ''C jejuni'' appears to invade and destroy epithelial cells. Some strains of ''C jejuni'' produce a [[cholera]]-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections. The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]] and [[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] through a poorly understood mechanism. In patients with [[HIV]], infections may be more frequent, may cause prolonged or recurrent diarrhea, and may be more commonly associated with bacteremia and antibiotic resistance. The severity and persistence of infection in patients with AIDS and [[hypogammaglobulinemia]] indicates that both cell-mediated and humoral immunity are important in preventing and terminating infection. | ''Campylobacter'' organisms are curved or spiral, motile, non–spore-forming, [[gram-negative]] rods. The known routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, raw [[milk]] and [[poultry]] ingestion, and waterborne (ie, through contaminated water supplies). Exposure to sick pets, especially puppies, has also been associated with outbreaks. The infectious dose is 1000-10,000 bacteria. ''Campylobacter'' species are sensitive to [[hydrochloric acid]] in the [[stomach]], and acid reduction treatment can reduce the amount of inoculum needed to cause disease. Symptoms begin after an incubation period of one to seven days. The sites of tissue injury include the [[jejunum]], the [[ileum]], and the [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]]. ''C jejuni'' appears to invade and destroy epithelial cells. Some strains of ''C jejuni'' produce a [[cholera]]-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections. The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]] and [[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] through a poorly understood mechanism. In patients with [[HIV]], infections may be more frequent, may cause prolonged or recurrent diarrhea, and may be more commonly associated with bacteremia and antibiotic resistance. The severity and persistence of infection in patients with AIDS and [[hypogammaglobulinemia]] indicates that both cell-mediated and humoral immunity are important in preventing and terminating infection. | ||
Revision as of 16:23, 8 August 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Campylobacter organisms are curved or spiral, motile, non–spore-forming, gram-negative rods. The known routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, raw milk and poultry ingestion, and waterborne (ie, through contaminated water supplies). Exposure to sick pets, especially puppies, has also been associated with outbreaks.
Pathophysiology
Campylobacter organisms are curved or spiral, motile, non–spore-forming, gram-negative rods. The known routes of transmission are fecal-oral, person-to-person sexual contact, raw milk and poultry ingestion, and waterborne (ie, through contaminated water supplies). Exposure to sick pets, especially puppies, has also been associated with outbreaks. The infectious dose is 1000-10,000 bacteria. Campylobacter species are sensitive to hydrochloric acid in the stomach, and acid reduction treatment can reduce the amount of inoculum needed to cause disease. Symptoms begin after an incubation period of one to seven days. The sites of tissue injury include the jejunum, the ileum, and the colon. C jejuni appears to invade and destroy epithelial cells. Some strains of C jejuni produce a cholera-like enterotoxin, which is important in the watery diarrhea observed in infections. The organism produces diffuse, bloody, edematous, and exudative enteritis. In a small number of cases, the infection may be associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura through a poorly understood mechanism. In patients with HIV, infections may be more frequent, may cause prolonged or recurrent diarrhea, and may be more commonly associated with bacteremia and antibiotic resistance. The severity and persistence of infection in patients with AIDS and hypogammaglobulinemia indicates that both cell-mediated and humoral immunity are important in preventing and terminating infection.