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::::* Yolk sac tumor.
::::* Yolk sac tumor.
:* 2. '''Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors classification'''
:* 2. '''Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors classification'''
:* 2.1 GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads.<ref name="pmid6343221">{{cite journal| author=Dehner LP| title=Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood. | journal=Hum Pathol | year= 1983 | volume= 14 | issue= 6 | pages= 493-511 | pmid=6343221 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6343221  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18381640">{{cite journal| author=McIntyre A, Gilbert D, Goddard N, Looijenga L, Shipley J| title=Genes, chromosomes and the development of testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults. | journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer | year= 2008 | volume= 47 | issue= 7 | pages= 547-57 | pmid=18381640 | doi=10.1002/gcc.20562 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18381640  }} </ref> Childhood extracranial GCTs can be divided into the following two types:
::* 2.1 GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads.<ref name="pmid6343221">{{cite journal| author=Dehner LP| title=Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood. | journal=Hum Pathol | year= 1983 | volume= 14 | issue= 6 | pages= 493-511 | pmid=6343221 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6343221  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18381640">{{cite journal| author=McIntyre A, Gilbert D, Goddard N, Looijenga L, Shipley J| title=Genes, chromosomes and the development of testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults. | journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer | year= 2008 | volume= 47 | issue= 7 | pages= 547-57 | pmid=18381640 | doi=10.1002/gcc.20562 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18381640  }} </ref> Childhood extracranial GCTs can be divided into the following two types:
:::* Gonadal.
::::* Gonadal.
:::* Extragonadal.
::::* Extragonadal.
:* 2.2 Most childhood extragonadal GCTs arise in midline sites (i.e., sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal); the midline location may represent aberrant embryonic migration of the primordial germ cells.Childhood extracranial GCTs are broadly classified as the following:
::* 2.2 Most childhood extragonadal GCTs arise in midline sites (i.e., sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal); the midline location may represent aberrant embryonic migration of the primordial germ cells.Childhood extracranial GCTs are broadly classified as the following:
:::* Mature teratomas.
::::* Mature teratomas.
:::* Immature teratomas.
::::* Immature teratomas.
:::* Malignant GCTs.
::::* Malignant GCTs.
:* 2.3 GCTs comprise a variety of histologic diagnoses and can also be divided into the following histologic types:
::* 2.3 GCTs comprise a variety of histologic diagnoses and can also be divided into the following histologic types:
:::* Germinoma.
::::* Germinoma.
:::* Germinoma.
::::* Germinoma.
:::* Dysgerminoma (ovary).
::::* Dysgerminoma (ovary).
:::* Seminoma (testis).
::::* Seminoma (testis).
:::* Nongerminoma.
::::* Nongerminoma.
:::* Teratoma (mature and immature).
::::* Teratoma (mature and immature).
:::* Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor).
::::* Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor).
:::* Choriocarcinoma.
::::* Choriocarcinoma.
:::* Embryonal carcinoma.
::::* Embryonal carcinoma.
:::* Gonadoblastoma.
::::* Gonadoblastoma.
:::* Mixed GCT
::::* Mixed GCT
:* 2.4 Pediatric GCT Biology
::* 2.4 Pediatric GCT Biology
::* The following biologically distinct subtypes of GCTs are found in children and adolescents:
:::* The following biologically distinct subtypes of GCTs are found in children and adolescents:
:::* Testicular GCTs.
::::* Testicular GCTs.
:::* Ovarian GCTs.
::::* Ovarian GCTs.
:::* Extragonadal extracranial GCTs.
::::* Extragonadal extracranial GCTs.
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 19:28, 19 August 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Classification

  • 1. World Health Organization classification of CNS Germ Cell Tumors[1]
  • Germinomas
  • Nongerminomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) groups
  • Choriocarcinoma.
  • Embryonal carcinoma.
  • Mixed germ cell tumor.
  • Teratoma.
  • Immature.
  • Mature.
  • Teratoma with malignant transformation.
  • Yolk sac tumor.
  • 2. Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors classification
  • 2.1 GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads.[2][3] Childhood extracranial GCTs can be divided into the following two types:
  • Gonadal.
  • Extragonadal.
  • 2.2 Most childhood extragonadal GCTs arise in midline sites (i.e., sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal); the midline location may represent aberrant embryonic migration of the primordial germ cells.Childhood extracranial GCTs are broadly classified as the following:
  • Mature teratomas.
  • Immature teratomas.
  • Malignant GCTs.
  • 2.3 GCTs comprise a variety of histologic diagnoses and can also be divided into the following histologic types:
  • Germinoma.
  • Germinoma.
  • Dysgerminoma (ovary).
  • Seminoma (testis).
  • Nongerminoma.
  • Teratoma (mature and immature).
  • Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor).
  • Choriocarcinoma.
  • Embryonal carcinoma.
  • Gonadoblastoma.
  • Mixed GCT
  • 2.4 Pediatric GCT Biology
  • The following biologically distinct subtypes of GCTs are found in children and adolescents:
  • Testicular GCTs.
  • Ovarian GCTs.
  • Extragonadal extracranial GCTs.

References

  1. ↑ Matsutani M, Sano K, Takakura K, Fujimaki T, Nakamura O, Funata N; et al. (1997). "Primary intracranial germ cell tumors: a clinical analysis of 153 histologically verified cases". J Neurosurg. 86 (3): 446–55. doi:10.3171/jns.1997.86.3.0446. PMID 9046301.
  2. ↑ Dehner LP (1983). "Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood". Hum Pathol. 14 (6): 493–511. PMID 6343221.
  3. ↑ McIntyre A, Gilbert D, Goddard N, Looijenga L, Shipley J (2008). "Genes, chromosomes and the development of testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 47 (7): 547–57. doi:10.1002/gcc.20562. PMID 18381640.
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