Teratoma classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Classification

• 1. World Health Organization classification of CNS Germ Cell Tumors

• Germinomas
• Nongerminomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) groups

• Choriocarcinoma.
• Embryonal carcinoma.
• Mixed germ cell tumor.
• Teratoma.
• Immature.
• Mature.
• Teratoma with malignant transformation.
• Yolk sac tumor.

• 2. Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors classification

• 2.1 GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads. Childhood extracranial GCTs can be divided into the following two types:

• Gonadal.
• Extragonadal.

• 2.2 Most childhood extragonadal GCTs arise in midline sites (i.e., sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal); the midline location may represent aberrant embryonic migration of the primordial germ cells.Childhood extracranial GCTs are broadly classified as the following:

• Mature teratomas.
• Immature teratomas.
• Malignant GCTs.

• 2.3 GCTs comprise a variety of histologic diagnoses and can also be divided into the following histologic types:

• Germinoma.
• Germinoma.
• Dysgerminoma (ovary).
• Seminoma (testis).
• Nongerminoma.
• Teratoma (mature and immature).
• Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor).
• Choriocarcinoma.
• Embryonal carcinoma.
• Gonadoblastoma.
• Mixed GCT

• 2.4 Pediatric GCT Biology

• The following biologically distinct subtypes of GCTs are found in children and adolescents:

• Testicular GCTs.
• Ovarian GCTs.
• Extragonadal extracranial GCTs.

• 3. Cellular Classification of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors

• The following histologic subtypes have been described.
• Dysgerminoma.
• Other germ cell tumors:
• Endodermal sinus tumor (rare subtypes are hepatoid and intestinal).
• Embryonal carcinoma.
• Polyembryoma.
• Choriocarcinoma.
• Teratoma:
• Immature.
• Mature:
• Solid.
• Cystic:
• Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma).
• Dermoid cyst with malignant transformation.
• Monodermal and highly specialized:
• Struma ovarii.
• Carcinoid.
• Struma ovarii and carcinoid.
• Others (e.g., malignant neuroectodermal and ependymoma).
• Mixed forms.