Melanoma risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
===Hereditary Factors=== | |||
*Giant congenital pigmented nevus syndrome | |||
*Melanocortin 1 receptor mutation | |||
*Dysplastic nevus syndrome | |||
*Melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome | |||
*Retinoblastoma | |||
===Environmental Factors=== | |||
*Chronic ultraviolet exposure | |||
==Other== | |||
Possible significant elements in determining risk include the '''intensity and duration of sun exposure''', the age at which sun exposure occurs, and the degree of [[skin pigmentation]]. Exposure during childhood is a more important risk factor than exposure in adulthood. This is seen in migration studies in Australia<ref>{{cite journal | author = Khlat M, Vail A, Parkin M, Green A | title = Mortality from melanoma in migrants to Australia: variation by age at arrival and duration of stay. | journal = Am J Epidemiol | volume = 135 | issue = 10 | pages = 1103-13 | year = 1992 | id = PMID 1632422}}</ref> where people tend to retain the risk profile of their country of birth if they migrate to Australia as an adult. Individuals with blistering or peeling sunburns (especially in the first twenty years of life) have a significantly greater risk for melanoma. | Possible significant elements in determining risk include the '''intensity and duration of sun exposure''', the age at which sun exposure occurs, and the degree of [[skin pigmentation]]. Exposure during childhood is a more important risk factor than exposure in adulthood. This is seen in migration studies in Australia<ref>{{cite journal | author = Khlat M, Vail A, Parkin M, Green A | title = Mortality from melanoma in migrants to Australia: variation by age at arrival and duration of stay. | journal = Am J Epidemiol | volume = 135 | issue = 10 | pages = 1103-13 | year = 1992 | id = PMID 1632422}}</ref> where people tend to retain the risk profile of their country of birth if they migrate to Australia as an adult. Individuals with blistering or peeling sunburns (especially in the first twenty years of life) have a significantly greater risk for melanoma. | ||
Revision as of 15:11, 21 August 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Risk Factors
Hereditary Factors
- Giant congenital pigmented nevus syndrome
- Melanocortin 1 receptor mutation
- Dysplastic nevus syndrome
- Melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome
- Retinoblastoma
Environmental Factors
- Chronic ultraviolet exposure
Other
Possible significant elements in determining risk include the intensity and duration of sun exposure, the age at which sun exposure occurs, and the degree of skin pigmentation. Exposure during childhood is a more important risk factor than exposure in adulthood. This is seen in migration studies in Australia[1] where people tend to retain the risk profile of their country of birth if they migrate to Australia as an adult. Individuals with blistering or peeling sunburns (especially in the first twenty years of life) have a significantly greater risk for melanoma.
Fair and red-headed people, persons with multiple atypical nevi or dysplastic nevi and persons born with giant congenital melanocytic nevi are at increased risk.[2]
A family history of melanoma greatly increases a person's risk because mutations in CDKN2A, CDK4 and several other genes have been found in melanoma-prone families.[3] Patients with a history of one melanoma are at increased risk of developing a second primary tumour.[4]
Airline pilots have a greater risk of melanoma due to increased cosmic radiation exposure.
References
- ↑ Khlat M, Vail A, Parkin M, Green A (1992). "Mortality from melanoma in migrants to Australia: variation by age at arrival and duration of stay". Am J Epidemiol. 135 (10): 1103–13. PMID 1632422.
- ↑ Bliss J, Ford D, Swerdlow A, Armstrong B, Cristofolini M, Elwood J, Green A, Holly E, Mack T, MacKie R (1995). "Risk of cutaneous melanoma associated with pigmentation characteristics and freckling: systematic overview of 10 case-control studies. The International Melanoma Analysis Group (IMAGE)". Int J Cancer. 62 (4): 367–76. PMID 7635560.
- ↑ Miller A, Mihm M (2006). "Melanoma". N Engl J Med. 355 (1): 51–65. PMID 16822996.
- ↑ Rhodes A, Weinstock M, Fitzpatrick T, Mihm M, Sober A (1987). "Risk factors for cutaneous melanoma. A practical method of recognizing predisposed individuals". JAMA. 258 (21): 3146–54. PMID 3312689.