Renal cell carcinoma risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Risk factors==
==Risk factors==
Most patients with renal cell carcinoma do not have typical risk factors. Established risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma are shown below:
Most patients with renal cell carcinoma do not have typical risk factors. Established risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma are shown below:
*Active and passive cigarette smoking<ref name="pmid15523697">{{cite journal| author=Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P| title=Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2005 | volume= 114 | issue= 1 | pages= 101-8 | pmid=15523697 | doi=10.1002/ijc.20618 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15523697  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9610793">{{cite journal| author=Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Yu MC, Ross RK| title=Tobacco use in relation to renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 1998 | volume= 7 | issue= 5 | pages= 429-33 | pmid=9610793 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9610793  }} </ref>
:* Active and passive cigarette smoking<ref name="pmid15523697">{{cite journal| author=Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P| title=Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2005 | volume= 114 | issue= 1 | pages= 101-8 | pmid=15523697 | doi=10.1002/ijc.20618 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15523697  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9610793">{{cite journal| author=Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Yu MC, Ross RK| title=Tobacco use in relation to renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 1998 | volume= 7 | issue= 5 | pages= 429-33 | pmid=9610793 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9610793  }} </ref>
*Obesity<ref name="pmid15583369">{{cite journal| author=Bjørge T, Tretli S, Engeland A| title=Relation of height and body mass index to renal cell carcinoma in two million Norwegian men and women. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2004 | volume= 160 | issue= 12 | pages= 1168-76 | pmid=15583369 | doi=10.1093/aje/ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15583369  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15583368">{{cite journal| author=van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA| title=Relation of height, body mass, energy intake, and physical activity to risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2004 | volume= 160 | issue= 12 | pages= 1159-67 | pmid=15583368 | doi=10.1093/aje/ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15583368  }} </ref>
:* [[Obesity]]<ref name="pmid15583369">{{cite journal| author=Bjørge T, Tretli S, Engeland A| title=Relation of height and body mass index to renal cell carcinoma in two million Norwegian men and women. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2004 | volume= 160 | issue= 12 | pages= 1168-76 | pmid=15583369 | doi=10.1093/aje/ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15583369  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15583368">{{cite journal| author=van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA| title=Relation of height, body mass, energy intake, and physical activity to risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2004 | volume= 160 | issue= 12 | pages= 1159-67 | pmid=15583368 | doi=10.1093/aje/ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15583368  }} </ref>
*Hypertension
:* [[Hypertension]]
*End-stage renal failure<ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 | volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref>
:* End-stage [[renal failure]]<ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 | volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref>


*Acquired cystic renal disease<ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 |volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 |pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref>
:* Acquired cystic renal disease<ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 |volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 |pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref>


*Acetaminophen and analgesic drug use<ref name="pmid7829242">{{cite journal| author=McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS et al.| title=International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 60 | issue= 3 | pages= 345-9 | pmid=7829242 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7829242  }} </ref>
:* [[Acetaminophen]] and analgesic drug use<ref name="pmid7829242">{{cite journal| author=McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS et al.| title=International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 60 | issue= 3 | pages= 345-9 | pmid=7829242 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7829242  }} </ref>
*Asbestos or trichloroethylene exposure<ref name="pmid7829242">{{cite journal| author=McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS et al.| title=International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 60 | issue= 3 | pages= 345-9 | pmid=7829242 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7829242  }} </ref>
:* [[Asbestos]] or trichloroethylene exposure<ref name="pmid7829242">{{cite journal| author=McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS et al.| title=International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 60 | issue= 3 | pages= 345-9 | pmid=7829242 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7829242  }} </ref>
*Tuberous sclerosis<ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 |volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 |pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref>
:* [[Tuberous sclerosis]]<ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 |volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 |pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref>
*von-Hippel Lindau<ref name="pmid12814730">{{cite journal| author=Lonser RR, Glenn GM, Walther M, Chew EY, Libutti SK, Linehan WM et al.| title=von Hippel-Lindau disease. | journal=Lancet | year= 2003 | volume= 361 | issue= 9374 | pages= 2059-67 | pmid=12814730 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13643-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12814730  }} </ref>
:* [[Von-Hippel Lindau]]<ref name="pmid12814730">{{cite journal| author=Lonser RR, Glenn GM, Walther M, Chew EY, Libutti SK, Linehan WM et al.| title=von Hippel-Lindau disease. | journal=Lancet | year= 2003 | volume= 361 | issue= 9374 | pages= 2059-67 | pmid=12814730 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13643-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12814730  }} </ref>
*Hereditary paraganglioma<ref name="pmid19269025">{{cite journal| author=Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B| title=Renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 373 | issue= 9669 | pages= 1119-32 | pmid=19269025 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19269025  }} </ref>
:* Hereditary [[paraganglioma]]<ref name="pmid19269025">{{cite journal| author=Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B| title=Renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 373 | issue= 9669 | pages= 1119-32 | pmid=19269025 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19269025  }} </ref>
*Leiomyomatosis
:* [[Leiomyomatosis]]
*Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome<ref name="pmid19269025">{{cite journal| author=Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B| title=Renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 373 | issue= 9669 | pages= 1119-32 | pmid=19269025 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19269025  }} </ref>
:* [[Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome]]<ref name="pmid19269025">{{cite journal| author=Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B| title=Renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 373 | issue= 9669 | pages= 1119-32 | pmid=19269025 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19269025  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:16, 24 August 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Established risk factors for renal cell carcinoma include cigarette smoking, hypertension, end-stage renal failure, analgesic drug use, environmental exposure to carcinogens, and some genetic syndromes.

Risk factors

Most patients with renal cell carcinoma do not have typical risk factors. Established risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma are shown below:

  • Acquired cystic renal disease[5][6]

References

  1. ↑ Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P (2005). "Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies". Int J Cancer. 114 (1): 101–8. doi:10.1002/ijc.20618. PMID 15523697.
  2. ↑ Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Yu MC, Ross RK (1998). "Tobacco use in relation to renal cell carcinoma". Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 7 (5): 429–33. PMID 9610793.
  3. ↑ Bjørge T, Tretli S, Engeland A (2004). "Relation of height and body mass index to renal cell carcinoma in two million Norwegian men and women". Am J Epidemiol. 160 (12): 1168–76. doi:10.1093/aje/. PMID 15583369.
  4. ↑ van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA (2004). "Relation of height, body mass, energy intake, and physical activity to risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study". Am J Epidemiol. 160 (12): 1159–67. doi:10.1093/aje/. PMID 15583368.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M; et al. (2003). "Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease". Clin Nephrol. 59 (3): 153–9. PMID 12653256.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA (2006). "Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors". Kidney Int. 70 (10): 1777–82. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5001853. PMID 17003820.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS; et al. (1995). "International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics". Int J Cancer. 60 (3): 345–9. PMID 7829242.
  8. ↑ Lonser RR, Glenn GM, Walther M, Chew EY, Libutti SK, Linehan WM; et al. (2003). "von Hippel-Lindau disease". Lancet. 361 (9374): 2059–67. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13643-4. PMID 12814730.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B (2009). "Renal cell carcinoma". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1119–32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4. PMID 19269025.
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