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Revision as of 19:10, 27 August 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]
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Overview
The incidence of prostate cancer varies across the world, with higher rates in USA and Canada and lower rates in east Asia.[1] In the United States, prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in males;[2] in fact, the age-adjusted prevalence of prostate cancer in the United States is 1690 per 100,000 in 2011.[3] The incidence of prostate cancer is higher in the African American ethnicity and with increased age.[2] Following the introduction of PSA testing for prostate screening in the 1980’s, the incidence of prostate cancer increased due to an increased rate of diagnosis of this disease.[4] Prostate cancer rates are higher in developed countries than the rest of the world, possibly due to lower rate of screening for prostate cancer in these areas.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Rates of prostate cancer vary widely across the world. Although the rates vary widely between countries, it is least common in South and East Asia, more common in Europe, and most common in the United States.[5]
- In the United Kingdom it is also the second most common cause of cancer death after lung cancer, where around 35,000 cases are diagnosed every year and of which around 10,000 die of it. However, many men who develop prostate cancer never have symptoms, undergo no therapy, and eventually die of other causes. That is because malignant neoplasms of the prostate are, in most cases, slow-growing, and because most of those affected are over 60. Hence they often die of causes unrelated to the prostate cancer, such as heart/circulatory disease, pneumonia, other unconnected cancers or old age.
- In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of prostate cancer is 1690 per 100,000 in 2011.[3]
Incidence
- The delay-adjusted incidence of prostate cancer in 2011 was estimated to be 145.2 per 100,000 persons in the United States.[3]
- In 2011, the age-adjusted incidence of prostate cancer was 139.89 per 100,000 persons in the United States.[3]
Age
- Prostate cancer develops most frequently in men over fifty.
- While the overall age-adjusted incidence of prostate cancer in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 147.6 per 100,000, the age-adjusted incidence of prostate cancer by age category is:[3]
- Under 65 years: 57.8 per 100,000
- 65 and over: 768.2 per 100,000
- Shown below is an image depicting the incidence of prostate cancer by age and race in the United States between 1975 and 2011.[3]
Race
- According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer is least common among Asian men and most common among black men, with figures for white men in-between.[6][7] However, these high rates may be affected by increasing rates of detection.[8]
- Shown below is a table depicting the age-adjusted prevalence of prostate cancer by race in 2011 in the United States.[3]
| All Races | White | Black | Asian/Pacific Islander | Hispanic | |
| Age-adjusted prevalence | 1690 per 100,000 | 1680 per 100,000 | 2610 per 100,000 | 870 per 100,000 | 1320 per 100,000 |
- Shown below is an image depicting the incidence of prostate cancer by race in the United States between 1975 and 2011.[3]
API: Asian/Pacific Islander; AI/AN: American Indian/ Alaska Native
References
- ↑ Quinn M, Babb P (2002). "Patterns and trends in prostate cancer incidence, survival, prevalence and mortality. Part I: international comparisons". BJU Int. 90 (2): 162–73. PMID 12081758.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Crawford ED (2003). "Epidemiology of prostate cancer". Urology. 62 (6 Suppl 1): 3–12. PMID 14706503.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.
- ↑ Sarma AV, Schottenfeld D (2002). "Prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival trends in the United States: 1981-2001". Semin Urol Oncol. 20 (1): 3–9. PMID 11828352.
- ↑ "IARC Worldwide Cancer Incidence Statistics—Prostate". JNCI Cancer Spectrum. Oxford University Press. December 19, 2001. Retrieved on 2007-04-05 through the Internet Archive
- ↑ Overview: Prostate Cancer—What Causes Prostate Cancer? American Cancer Society (2006-05-02). Retrieved on 2007-04-05
- ↑ Prostate Cancer FAQs. State University of New York School of Medicine Department of Urology (2006-08-31). Retrieved on 2007-04-05
- ↑ Potosky A, Miller B, Albertsen P, Kramer B (1995). "The role of increasing detection in the rising incidence of prostate cancer". JAMA. 273 (7): 548&ndash, 52. doi:10.1001/jama.273.7.548. PMID 7530782.