Hepatocellular carcinoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
===Gross Pathology=== | ===Gross Pathology=== |
Revision as of 13:22, 4 September 2015
Hepatocellular carcinoma Microchapters |
Differentiating Hepatocellular carcinoma from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Hepatocellular carcinoma pathophysiology On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hepatocellular carcinoma pathophysiology |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatocellular carcinoma pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Gross Pathology
Macroscopically, liver cancer appears as a nodular or infiltrative tumor. The nodular type may be solitary (large mass) or multiple (when developed as a complication of cirrhosis). Tumor nodules are round to oval, grey or green (if the tumor produces bile), well circumscribed but not encapsulated. The diffuse type is poorly circumscribed and infiltrates the portal veins, or the hepatic veins (rarely).
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Hepatocelluler carcinoma. The image shows a longitudinal slice taken through the full length of the liver.
(Courtesy of Ed Uthman, MD) -
The tumor is at the top, cirrhotic liver at the bottom, and a fibrous reaction in between. Hepatocellular carcinomas can have a variety of gross patterns, including multinodular / multifocal, such as this one.
(Courtesy of Ed Uthman, MD)
Microscopic Pathology
Microscopically, there are four architectural and cytological types (patterns) of hepatocellular carcinoma: fibrolamellar, pseudoglandular (adenoid), pleomorphic (giant cell) and clear cell. In well differentiated forms, tumor cells resemble hepatocytes, form trabeculae, cords and nests, and may contain bile pigment in cytoplasm. In poorly differentiated forms, malignant epithelial cells are discohesive, pleomorphic, anaplastic, giant. The tumor has a scant stroma and central necrosis because of the poor vascularization.1