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| ==Staging== | | ==Staging== |
| ===The Reese-Ellsworth classification (REC) for Retinoblastoma===
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| The Reese-Ellsworh classification was developed in the 1960s by Dr.Algernon Reese and Dr.Robert Ellsworth, two prominent New York doctors specialising in retinoblastoma. The system was designed to predict outcome from treatment with external beam radiotherapy(EBRT), used internationally as the primary eye salvage treatment until intoduction of chemotherapy in the 1980s.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ '''Reese-Ellsworth classification(REC) for Retinoblastoma'''<ref>http://eyewiki.org/Retinoblastoma#Classification_System</ref>
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| ! Groups !! prognosis!! Tumor size and number
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| |-
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| |'''Group 1'''|| Very favourable for maintenance of sight||'''A:''' Solitary tumor, smaller than 4 disc diameters(DD) at or behind the equator <BR> '''B:''' Multiple tumors, none larger than 4 DD, all at or behind the equator
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| |-
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| |'''Group 2'''|| Favourable for maintenance of sight||'''A:''' Solitary tumor, 4 to 10 DD at or behind the equator <BR> '''B:''' Multiple tumors, 4 to 10 DD behind the equator
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| |-
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| |'''Group 3'''|| Possible for maintenance of sight||'''A:''' Any lesion anterior to the equator <BR> '''B:''' Solitary tumor, larger than 10 DD behind the equator
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| |-
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| |'''Group 4'''|| Unfavourable for maintenance of sight||'''A:''' Multiple tumors, some larger than 10 DD <BR> '''B:''' Any lesion extending anteriorly to the [[ora serrata]]
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| |-
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| |'''Group 5'''|| very unfavourable for maintenance of sight||'''A:''' Massive tumors involving more than one half of the [[retina]] <BR> '''B:''' [[Vitreous]] seeding
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| |}
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| The REC is rarely used today as chemotherapy has superseded radiotherapy as the favoured treatment for eye salvage.
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| ===Essen classification:===
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| [[image:Essen classification.jpg|left|650px]]
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| <br clear="left"/>
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| ===International retinoblastoma classification===
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| ! Staging !! Metastasis and treatment
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| |-
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| | '''Stage 0'''|| Patients treated conservatively (subject to presurgical ophthalmologic classifications)
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| |-
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| | '''Stage I'''|| Eye enucleated, completely resected histologically
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| |-
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| | '''Stage II'''|| Eye enucleated, microscopic residual tumor
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| |-
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| | '''Stage III'''|| Regional extension <BR> a) Overt orbital disease <BR> b) Preauricular or cervical lymph node extension
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| |-
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| | '''Stage IV'''|| Metastatic disease <BR> a) Hematogenous metastasis <BR> 1. single lesion <BR> 2. multiple lesions <BR> b) CNS extension <BR> 1. Prechiasmatic lesion <BR> 2. CNS mass <BR> 3. Leptomeningeal disease
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| |}
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| ===The International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification(IIRC)or The ABC classification===
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ The International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification(IIRC)or The ABC classification
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| !Groups !! Location !! Size
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| |-
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| | '''Group A'''|| small tumors away from foveola and disc || Tumors <3 mm in greatest dimension confined to the retina and <BR> Located at least 3 mm from the foveola and 1.5 mm from the optic disc
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| |-
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| | '''Group B'''|| all remaining tumors confined to the retina || All other tumors confined to the retina and not in group A <BR> Subretinal fluid (without subretinal seeding) < 3 mm from the base of the tumor
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| |-
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| | '''Group C'''|| local subretinal fluid or vitreous seeding || Subretinal fluid alone >3 mm and < 6 mm from the tumor <BR> Vitreous or subretinal seeding < 3 mm from the tumor
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| |-
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| | '''Group D'''|| diffuse subretinal fluid or seeding || Subretinal fluid > 6 mm from the tumor <BR> Vitreous or subretinal seeding > 3 mm from the tumor
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| |-
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| | '''Group E'''|| presence of any one or more of these poor prognosis features|| More than 2/3 of the globe filled with tumor <BR> Tumor in the anterior segment or anterior to the vitreous <BR> Tumor in or on the ciliary body <BR> Iris neovascularisation <BR> Neovascular glaucoma <BR> Opaque media from hemorrhage <BR> Tumor necrosis with aseptic orbital celullitis <BR> Phthisis bulbi
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| |}
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| ===The International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS)=== | | ===The International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS)=== |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1],Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]Jyostna Chouturi, M.B.B.S [3]
Overview
Retinoblastoma may be classified into several subtypes based on the International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS).
Staging
The International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS) [1]
| Staging |
how much cancer remains after surgery and whether the cancer has spread
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| Stage 0 |
The tumor is in the eye only. The eye has not been removed and the tumor was treated without surgery.
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| Stage I |
The tumor is in the eye only. The eye has been removed and no cancer cells remain.
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| Stage II |
The tumor is in the eye only. The eye has been removed and there are cancer cells left that can be seen only with a microscope.
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| Stage III
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| Stage IIIa |
cancer has spread from the eye to tissues around the eye socket.
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| Stage IIIb |
cancer has spread from the eye to lymph nodes near the ear or in the neck.
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| Stage IV
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| Stage IVa |
cancer has spread to the blood but not to the brain or spinal cord. One or more tumors may have spread to other parts of the body such as the bone or liver.
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| Stage IVb |
cancer has spread to the brain or spinal cord. It also may have spread to other parts of the body.
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References
Template:WH
Template:WS
See also
Template:Nervous tissue tumors