| In 2006, a previously unknown retrovirus, [[Xenotropic MuLV-related virus]] or XMRV, was associated with human prostate tumors,<ref name="pmid16609730">{{cite journal | author = Urisman A, Molinaro RJ, Fischer N, Plummer SJ, Casey G, Klein EA, Malathi K, Magi-Galluzzi C, Tubbs RR, Ganem D, Silverman RH, DeRisi JL | title = Identification of a Novel Gammaretrovirus in Prostate Tumors of Patients Homozygous for R462Q RNASEL Variant | journal = PLoS Pathog. | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = e25 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16609730 | pmc = 1434790 | doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020025 }} {{open access}}</ref> but subsequent reports on the virus were contradictory,<ref name="pmid19805305">{{cite journal | author = Schlaberg R, Choe DJ, Brown KR, Thaker HM, Singh IR | title = XMRV is present in malignant prostatic epithelium and is associated with prostate cancer, especially high-grade tumors | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 106 | issue = 38 | pages = 16351–6 | date = September 2009 | pmid = 19805305 | pmc = 2739868 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0906922106 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19835577">{{cite journal | author = Hohn O, Krause H, Barbarotto P, Niederstadt L, Beimforde N, Denner J, Miller K, Kurth R, Bannert N | title = Lack of evidence for xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in German prostate cancer patients | journal = Retrovirology | volume = 6 | issue = | pages = 92 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19835577 | pmc = 2770519 | doi = 10.1186/1742-4690-6-92 }}</ref> and the original 2006 finding was instead due to a previously undetected contamination.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Lee D, Das Gupta J, Gaughan C, Steffen I, Tang N, Luk KC, Qiu X, Urisman A, Fischer N, Molinaro R, Broz M, Schochetman G, Klein EA, Ganem D, Derisi JL, Simmons G, Hackett J, Silverman RH, Chiu CY | title = In-Depth Investigation of Archival and Prospectively Collected Samples Reveals No Evidence for XMRV Infection in Prostate Cancer | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = e44954 | year = 2012 | pmid = 23028701 | pmc = 3445615 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0044954 | editor1-last = Tachedjian | editor1-first = Gilda }} {{open access}}</ref> The journals ''Science'' and ''PlosONE'' both retracted XMRV related articles.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Alberts B | title = Retraction | journal = Science | volume = 334 | issue = 6063 | pages = 1636 | date = Dec 23, 2011 | pmid = 22194552 | doi = 10.1126/science.334.6063.1636-a }} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Retraction. Identification of a novel gammaretrovirus in prostate tumors of patients homozygous for R462Q RNASEL variant | journal = PLoS Pathogens | volume = 8 | issue = 9 | pages = 10.1371/annotation/7e2efc01–2e9b–4e9b–aef0–87ab0e4e4732 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 23028303 | pmc = 3445601 | doi = 10.1371/annotation/7e2efc01-2e9b-4e9b-aef0-87ab0e4e4732 | editor1-last = Ross | editor1-first = Susan }} {{open access}}</ref>
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