Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk factors: Difference between revisions

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===Known risk factors===
===Known risk factors===
* The likelihood of getting non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increases with age and is more common in men than in women.
====Weakened immune system====
====Weakened immune system====
* Congenital immune system damage
*1. Congenital immune system damage
:* Inherited immunodeficiency disorders are very rare, but acquired ones are a little more common
:* Inherited immunodeficiency disorders are very rare, but acquired ones are a little more common
::* Inherited disorders
::* Inherited disorders
Line 44: Line 45:
:::* [[Severe combined immunodeficiency]] (SCID)
:::* [[Severe combined immunodeficiency]] (SCID)
:::* X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder
:::* X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder
* Acquired immune system damage
*2. Acquired immune system damage
:* Acquired disorders
:* Acquired disorders
::* [[Common variable immunodeficiency]] (CVID)  
::* [[Common variable immunodeficiency]] (CVID)  
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:* Linked with marginal cell lymphoma  
:* Linked with marginal cell lymphoma  
:* Linked with [[diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]
:* Linked with [[diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]  
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]  
:* Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma  
:* Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma  
:* Linked with [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]]
:* Linked with [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]]
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE)  
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE)  
:* Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
:* Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
* [[Celiac disease]]   
* [[Celiac disease]]   
:* Linked with a higher risk for [[enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma]] (EATL)
:* Linked with a higher risk for [[enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma]] (EATL)
* Hashimotos thyroiditis  
* Hashimotos thyroiditis  
:* Linked with a higher risk of developing primary thyroid lymphoma
:* Linked with a higher risk of developing primary thyroid lymphoma
====Certain infections====
* [[Viral]] infection 
:* [[Epstein-Barr virus]] (EBV)
::* Causes [[infectious mononucleosis]]
::* Occur most commonly in Africa
::* Linked to [[Burkitt lymphoma]] 
:* Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus, type 1 ([[HTLV-1]])
::* Most common in southern Japan and the Caribbean
::* Risk of developing adult [[T-cell lymphoma]] and [[leukemia]]


:* [[Human herpesvirus 8]] (HHV-8)
::* Linked with [[primary effusion lymphoma]], [[body cavity lymphoma]] and [[AIDS-related lymphoma]]
:* [[Hepatitis C virus]] (HCV) and [[hepatitis B virus]] (HBV)
::* Higher risk of developing some types of Non-hodgkins lymphoma
* [[Bacterial]] infection
:* [[Helicobacter pylori]] (H. pylori)
::* Linked with [[gastric lymphoma]]s, particularly  mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma ([[MALT lymphoma]])
* [[Campylobacter jejuni]] (C. jejuni)
::* Linked with a mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma ([[MALT lymphoma]]).
====Previous cancer treatment====
* People who have received chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy
* People who have been treated for cancer have a higher risk of developing Non-hodgkin lymphoma for the rest of their lives
* The risk of developing Non-hodgkin lymphoma is greatest in the first 5 years after treatment
===Possible risk factors===
* Family history of Non-hodgkin lymphoma
:* Non-hodgkin lymphoma is not generally considered to be familial, which means occurring in families more often than would be expected by chance
:* Higher risk of Non-hodgkin lymphoma in people with a first-degree relative (a parent, brother, sister or child) who has been diagnosed with lymphoma
* Exposure to [[pesticides]]
:* Exposure to certain pesticides, such as [[Agent Orange]], may be linked with a higher risk of developing Non-hodgkin lymphoma
* Exposure to [[trichloroethylene]]
:* Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent used mostly to remove grease from metal
:* Exposure to TCE may increase the risk of developing NHL
* Diet
:* The link between Non-hodgkin lymphoma and diet is very complex
:* Diets high in meat, dairy products and saturated fat may increase the risk of developing Non-hodgkin lymphoma
:* Diets low in vegetables increase the risk of Non-hodgkin lymphoma


 
* Obesity
Certain infections
:* May increase the risk of developing Non-hodgkin lymphoma , particularly [[large B-cell lymphoma]]
 
* Hair dyes
[[Viral]] infection and [[Bacterial]] infection
:* Higher risk in people who used [[hair dye]] before 1980
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
:* Risk affects people who used permanent dyes with dark colours in particular  
Causes infectious mononucleosis
:* Risk may also be higher in hair dressers and barbers, who were exposed to the dye at work
Occur most commonly in Africa
* Occupational exposures
Linked to Burkitt lymphoma 
:* Farming
 
:* Rubber industry
Linked to lymphomas in people with a weakened immune system
:* Wood and forestry
 
:* Printing
Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) increases the risk of developing adult T-cell lymphoma and leukemia. It is most common in southern Japan and the Caribbean.
:* Welding
 
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that causes stomach ulcers and inflammation of the stomach lining (called gastritis). It is linked with gastric lymphomas, particularly a type of lymphoma that occurs in the stomach called mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue (MALT) lymphoma. H. pylori also increases the risk of stomach cancer.
 
Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) is also called Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). It is linked with primary effusion lymphoma, body cavity lymphomas and AIDS-related lymphomas.
 
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are 2 of a group of viruses that can cause inflammation of the liver (called hepatitis). People with HCV or HBV infection have a higher risk of developing some types of NHL.
 
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a type of bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal (GI) infections. It is linked with a type of lymphoma called mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue (MALT) lymphoma.
 
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Previous cancer treatment
 
People who have received chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy, for another type of cancer have a higher risk of developing NHL. This is especially true for people who were treated for Hodgkin lymphoma. But the benefit of being treated for cancer usually far outweighs the risk of developing a second cancer.
 
The risk of developing NHL is greatest in the first 5 years after treatment. But people who have been treated for cancer have a higher risk of developing NHL for the rest of their lives.
 
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Possible risk factors
 
The following factors have been linked with NHL, but there is not enough evidence to show they are known risk factors. Further study is needed to clarify the role of these factors for NHL.
 
Family history of NHL
 
NHL is not generally considered to be familial, which means occurring in families more often than would be expected by chance. But some studies show a higher risk of NHL in people with a first-degree relative (a parent, brother, sister or child) who has been diagnosed with lymphoma. Further studies are needed to determine the risk of developing NHL when a first-degree relative has had the disease.
 
Exposure to pesticides
 
Pesticides include a large number of different chemicals, some of which may be related to NHL risk. Some studies suggest that exposure to certain pesticides, such as Agent Orange, may be linked with a higher risk of developing NHL. The evidence has not been consistent, so further research is needed to help clarify the possible link between pesticides and cancer, and to identify which ones may increase the risk of NHL.
 
Exposure to trichloroethylene
 
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent used mostly to remove grease from metal. Some studies suggest that exposure to TCE may increase the risk of developing NHL.
 
Diet
 
The link between NHL and diet is very complex. Researchers are trying to find out if diet may increase the risk for NHL. Some studies suggest that diets high in meat, dairy products and saturated fat may increase the risk of developing NHL. Other studies show that diets low in vegetables increase the risk of NHL.
 
Obesity
 
Some studies suggest that being obese may increase the risk of developing NHL, particularly large B-cell lymphoma.
 
Hair dyes
 
Studies have shown a higher risk of NHL in people who used hair dye before 1980. The chemical composition of hair dyes is different now than before 1980, and some of the harmful ingredients have been removed. The risk affects people who used permanent dyes with dark colours in particular. This risk may also be higher in hair dressers and barbers, who were exposed to the dye at work.
 
Occupational exposures
 
A number of studies suggest that people working in certain jobs have a higher risk of NHL. These occupations include farming, the rubber industry, wood and forestry, printing and welding. Researchers haven’t identified specific exposures to explain these risks. More research is needed.
 
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Unknown risk factors
 
It isn’t known whether or not exposure to ionizing radiation is linked with NHL. It may be that researchers can’t show a definite link or that studies have had different results. Further study is needed to see if ionizing radiation is a risk factor for NHL.
 
People who survived nuclear industry accidents or the atomic bombs used during World War II were exposed to large amounts of ionizing radiation. People who are treated with radiation therapy are exposed to smaller amounts of ionizing radiation. Medical imaging, such as x-rays, also uses very small doses of ionizing radiation.
 
Read more: http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/risks/?region=ab#ixzz3m0Z0sOfx
 
The following are some of the risk factors associated with this disease:
 
*Age/sex.  The likelihood of getting non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increases with age and is more common in men than in women.
*Weakened immune system ([[AIDS-related lymphoma]]).  Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more common among people with inherited immune deficiencies, [[autoimmune disease]]s, or HIV/[[AIDS]], and among people taking [[immunosuppressant]] drugs following [[organ transplant]]s. (see [[Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder]])
*Viruses.  Human T-lymphotropic virus type I ([[HTLV-1]]) and [[Epstein-Barr virus]] are two infectious agents that increase the chance of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
*Environment.  People who work extensively with or are otherwise exposed to certain chemicals, such as pesticides, solvents, or fertilizers, have a greater chance of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
People who are concerned about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma should talk with their doctor about the disease, the symptoms to watch for, and an appropriate schedule for checkups. The doctor's advice will be based on the person's age, medical history, and other factors.
 


==References==
==References==
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Revision as of 17:52, 17 September 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]

Overview

The known risk factors in the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma are weakened immune system, autoimmune disorders, certain infections and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include family history of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to pesticides, exposure to trichloroethylene, diet, obesity, hair dyes, and occupational exposures.

Risk Factors

The known risk factors in the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma are weakened immune system, autoimmune disorders, certain infections and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include family history of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to pesticides, exposure to trichloroethylene, diet, obesity, hair dyes, and occupational exposures.[1]

Risk factors for Non-hodgkin lymphoma
Known risk factors Possible risk factors
Weakened immune system Family history of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Autoimmune disorders Exposure to pesticides
Certain infections Exposure to trichloroethylene
Previous cancer treatment Diet
Obesity
Hair dyes
Occupational exposures

Known risk factors

  • The likelihood of getting non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increases with age and is more common in men than in women.

Weakened immune system

  • 1. Congenital immune system damage
  • Inherited immunodeficiency disorders are very rare, but acquired ones are a little more common
  • Inherited disorders
  • 2. Acquired immune system damage
  • Acquired disorders
  • Immunosuppressant drugs for

Autoimmune disorders

  • Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  • Hashimotos thyroiditis
  • Linked with a higher risk of developing primary thyroid lymphoma

Certain infections

  • Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus, type 1 (HTLV-1)
  • Higher risk of developing some types of Non-hodgkins lymphoma
  • Linked with a mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma).

Previous cancer treatment

  • People who have received chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy
  • People who have been treated for cancer have a higher risk of developing Non-hodgkin lymphoma for the rest of their lives
  • The risk of developing Non-hodgkin lymphoma is greatest in the first 5 years after treatment

Possible risk factors

  • Family history of Non-hodgkin lymphoma
  • Non-hodgkin lymphoma is not generally considered to be familial, which means occurring in families more often than would be expected by chance
  • Higher risk of Non-hodgkin lymphoma in people with a first-degree relative (a parent, brother, sister or child) who has been diagnosed with lymphoma
  • Exposure to certain pesticides, such as Agent Orange, may be linked with a higher risk of developing Non-hodgkin lymphoma
  • Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent used mostly to remove grease from metal
  • Exposure to TCE may increase the risk of developing NHL
  • Diet
  • The link between Non-hodgkin lymphoma and diet is very complex
  • Diets high in meat, dairy products and saturated fat may increase the risk of developing Non-hodgkin lymphoma
  • Diets low in vegetables increase the risk of Non-hodgkin lymphoma
  • Obesity
  • Hair dyes
  • Higher risk in people who used hair dye before 1980
  • Risk affects people who used permanent dyes with dark colours in particular
  • Risk may also be higher in hair dressers and barbers, who were exposed to the dye at work
  • Occupational exposures
  • Farming
  • Rubber industry
  • Wood and forestry
  • Printing
  • Welding

References

  1. ↑ "Canadian Cancer Society Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma".

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