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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Positron emission tomography]] (PET) scan: When doing this test, a small amount of a radioactive medium is injected into your body and absorbed by the organs or tissues. This [[radioactive]] substance gives off energy which in turn is used to produce the images. PET can provide more helpful information than either CT or MRI scans. It is useful to see if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and it is also useful for your doctor to locate where the cancer has spread.
*[[Positron emission tomography]] (PET) scan
 
**During a PET scan, a radioactive medium is injected into the patients body and absorbed through out the tissues.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
PET scan has been shown to be highly sensitive and specific, when combined with MRI it can achieve 100% diagnostic efficacy.<ref name="Shortt-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = Shortt | first1 = CP. | last2 = Gleeson | first2 = TG. | last3 = Breen | first3 = KA. | last4 = McHugh | first4 = J. | last5 = O'Connell | first5 = MJ. | last6 = O'Gorman | first6 = PJ. | last7 = Eustace | first7 = SJ. | title = Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal = AJR Am J Roentgenol | volume = 192 | issue = 4 | pages = 980-6 | month = Apr | year = 2009 | doi = 10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | PMID = 19304704 }}</ref><ref name="Agarwal-2013">{{Cite journal | last1 = Agarwal | first1 = A. | last2 = Chirindel | first2 = A. | last3 = Shah | first3 = BA. | last4 = Subramaniam | first4 = RM. | title = Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal = AJR Am J Roentgenol | volume = 200 | issue = 4 | pages = 884-90 | month = Apr | year = 2013 | doi = 10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | PMID = 23521465 }}</ref> The use of PET scan has led to earlier diagnosis of multiple myeloma, more accurate therapy assessment, and better prediction of patient outcome. However, these have not been employed as a standard of care by the International Myeloma Working Group.<ref name="Dimopoulos-2009">{{Cite journal | last1 = Dimopoulos | first1 = M. | last2 = Terpos | first2 = E. | last3 = Comenzo | first3 = RL. | last4 = Tosi | first4 = P. | last5 = Beksac | first5 = M. | last6 = Sezer | first6 = O. | last7 = Siegel | first7 = D. | last8 = Lokhorst | first8 = H. | last9 = Kumar | first9 = S. | title = International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma. | journal = Leukemia | volume = 23 | issue = 9 | pages = 1545-56 | month = Sep | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1038/leu.2009.89 | PMID = 19421229 }}</ref>
**The[[radioactive]] medium will give off energy in certain locations which in turn are used to form an image.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
**In multiple myeloma, PET scan is more superior than either CT scan or MRI for diagnosis of the disease.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
**In addition, PET scan could be useful detection of cancer spread to distant lymph nodes.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
**PET scan is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
**When PET scan is used in combination with MRI the diagnostic efficacy may reach 100%.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465 }} </ref>
**The use of PET scan has led to earlier diagnosis of multiple myeloma, increased the accuracy of therapy assessment, and improvement in prediction of patient prognosis.<ref name="pmid19421229">{{cite journal| author=Dimopoulos M, Terpos E, Comenzo RL, Tosi P, Beksac M, Sezer O et al.| title=International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma. | journal=Leukemia | year= 2009 | volume= 23 | issue= 9 | pages= 1545-56 | pmid=19421229 | doi=10.1038/leu.2009.89 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19421229  }} </ref>
**PET scan has still not been employed as a standard of care by the International Myeloma Working Group.<ref name="pmid19421229">{{cite journal| author=Dimopoulos M, Terpos E, Comenzo RL, Tosi P, Beksac M, Sezer O et al.| title=International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma. | journal=Leukemia | year= 2009 | volume= 23 | issue= 9 | pages= 1545-56 | pmid=19421229 | doi=10.1038/leu.2009.89 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19421229 }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:39, 21 September 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
    • During a PET scan, a radioactive medium is injected into the patients body and absorbed through out the tissues.[1][2]
    • Theradioactive medium will give off energy in certain locations which in turn are used to form an image.[1][2]
    • In multiple myeloma, PET scan is more superior than either CT scan or MRI for diagnosis of the disease.[1][2]
    • In addition, PET scan could be useful detection of cancer spread to distant lymph nodes.[1][2]
    • PET scan is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool.[1][2]
    • When PET scan is used in combination with MRI the diagnostic efficacy may reach 100%.[1][2]
    • The use of PET scan has led to earlier diagnosis of multiple myeloma, increased the accuracy of therapy assessment, and improvement in prediction of patient prognosis.[3]
    • PET scan has still not been employed as a standard of care by the International Myeloma Working Group.[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ; et al. (2009). "Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192 (4): 980–6. doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1633. PMID 19304704.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM (2013). "Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200 (4): 884–90. doi:10.2214/AJR.12.9653. PMID 23521465.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Dimopoulos M, Terpos E, Comenzo RL, Tosi P, Beksac M, Sezer O; et al. (2009). "International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma". Leukemia. 23 (9): 1545–56. doi:10.1038/leu.2009.89. PMID 19421229.


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