Thymoma differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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* '''Germ cell tumors''' | * '''Germ cell tumors''' | ||
The most common site of extragonadal [[germ cell tumors]] is the mediastinum. | :*The most common site of extragonadal [[germ cell tumors]] is the mediastinum. | ||
:* [[Teratoma]]s: Represents two thirds of mediastinal germ cell tumor. Usually benign, but when malignant, it's very aggressive and very poor prognosis. | :* [[Teratoma]]s: Represents two thirds of mediastinal germ cell tumor. Usually benign, but when malignant, it's very aggressive and very poor prognosis. | ||
:* [[Dermoid cyst]]s: Very rare tumor, only 118 cases have been reported.<ref name="Ripa-1992">{{Cite journal | last1 = Ripa | first1 = LW. | title = Rinses for the control of dental caries. | journal = Int Dent J | volume = 42 | issue = 4 Suppl 1 | pages = 263-9 | month = Aug | year = 1992 | doi = | PMID = 1399044 }}</ref> | :* [[Dermoid cyst]]s: Very rare tumor, only 118 cases have been reported.<ref name="Ripa-1992">{{Cite journal | last1 = Ripa | first1 = LW. | title = Rinses for the control of dental caries. | journal = Int Dent J | volume = 42 | issue = 4 Suppl 1 | pages = 263-9 | month = Aug | year = 1992 | doi = | PMID = 1399044 }}</ref> | ||
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:* Seminomas: Slightly more common, grow slowly but might reach large sizes. | :* Seminomas: Slightly more common, grow slowly but might reach large sizes. | ||
:* Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor: Consists of [[yolk sac tumor]], embryonal cell carcinoma, and/or [[choriocarcinoma]]. Commonly between 20-40 years of age. | :* Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor: Consists of [[yolk sac tumor]], embryonal cell carcinoma, and/or [[choriocarcinoma]]. Commonly between 20-40 years of age. | ||
* '''Lymphoma''' (terrible, could be middle or posterior mediastinal too) | * '''Lymphoma''' (terrible, could be middle or posterior mediastinal too) | ||
Nodular sclerosing [[Hodgkin’s lymphoma]] and primary mediastinal [[B-cell lymphoma]] are the two common types that present in the mediastinum. Usually has systemic symptoms as fever weight loss and night sweats and may also have other symptoms as [[chest pain]], [[wheezing]], [[dyspnea]] or [[superior vena cava syndrome]]. | :*Nodular sclerosing [[Hodgkin’s lymphoma]] and primary mediastinal [[B-cell lymphoma]] are the two common types that present in the mediastinum. | ||
:*Usually has systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats and may also have other symptoms as [[chest pain]], [[wheezing]], [[dyspnea]] or [[superior vena cava syndrome]]. | |||
* '''Thyroid''' (intrathyroid [[goitre]]) | * '''Thyroid''' (intrathyroid [[goitre]]) | ||
:*[[Grave's disease]] and [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]] are usually associated with [[goitre]] | |||
Presents with [[shortness of breath]] or [[dysphagia]]. | :*Presents with [[shortness of breath]] or [[dysphagia]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:26, 21 September 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2]
Differential Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of thymomas types A, AB, B and thymic carcinomas.[1]
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Thymoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as:
- Thymic masses
- Thymic Cyst: It is incidental mass that may be congenital or acquired. It might contain parathyroid or salivary tissue, as they has a common embryological origin.
- Thymic hyperplasia: Resected only if associated paraneoplastic syndrome.
- Thymolipoma: Increased thymic size with mixed adipose tissue.
- Thymic carcinoma: Rare thymic tumor, poor survival rate, high rate of recurrence. Sometimes called type C thymoma.
- Thymic carcinoid: Also called thymic neuroendocrine tumors, uncommon and present as a mass in the anterior mediastinum.
- Ectopic parathyroid tissue.
- Germ cell tumors
- The most common site of extragonadal germ cell tumors is the mediastinum.
- Teratomas: Represents two thirds of mediastinal germ cell tumor. Usually benign, but when malignant, it's very aggressive and very poor prognosis.
- Dermoid cysts: Very rare tumor, only 118 cases have been reported.[2]
- Malignant germ cell tumor: 90% of malignant mediastinal germ cell tumor occur in males. Full physical examination and scrotal ultrasound is required.
- Seminomas: Slightly more common, grow slowly but might reach large sizes.
- Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor: Consists of yolk sac tumor, embryonal cell carcinoma, and/or choriocarcinoma. Commonly between 20-40 years of age.
- Lymphoma (terrible, could be middle or posterior mediastinal too)
- Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin’s lymphoma and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma are the two common types that present in the mediastinum.
- Usually has systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats and may also have other symptoms as chest pain, wheezing, dyspnea or superior vena cava syndrome.
- Thyroid (intrathyroid goitre)
- Grave's disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are usually associated with goitre
- Presents with shortness of breath or dysphagia.