Thymoma history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Signs and symptoms==
==Signs and symptoms==
{{Seealso|Myasthenia gravis}}
{{Seealso|Myasthenia gravis}}
===Symptoms related to compression===
30% of patients with a thymoma have symptoms caused by compression of the surrounding organs, these symptoms may include:<ref name="pmid10561285">{{cite journal |author=Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ |title=Thymoma: state of the art |journal=[[Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology]] |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=2280–9 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10561285 |doi= |url=http://www.jco.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10561285 |accessdate=2012-01-18}}</ref>


A third of all people with a thymoma have symptoms caused by compression of the surrounding organs by an expansive mass. These problems may take the form of (compression of the [[vena cava superior|upper caval vein]]), [[dysphagia]] (difficulty swallowing), [[cough]] or [[chest pain]].<ref name="pmid10561285">{{cite journal |author=Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ |title=Thymoma: state of the art |journal=[[Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology]] |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=2280–9 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10561285 |doi= |url=http://www.jco.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10561285 |accessdate=2012-01-18}}</ref>
* Facial swelling (due to compression of the [[vena cava superior|upper caval vein]])
*[[Dysphagia]] (due to compression of the [[esophagus]])
*[[Cough]] and [[wheezing]] (due to compression of the [[trachea]])
*[[Chest pain]] (due to local compression of the mass itself)
===Sympotms related to associated autoimmune diseases===
30% of patients have their tumors discovered because they have an associated autoimmune disorder, these symptoms may inculde:
*Muscle weakness (associated with [[myasthenia gravis]] and [[polymyositis]])
*Anemia (associated with [[pure red cell aplasia]])
*Fever, chest pain, cough and malaise (associated with [[Good's syndrome]], [[agranulocytosis]], [[combined immunodeficiency]], [[hypogammaglobulinemia]] and acute [[pericarditis]])  )
*Arthralgia and rash (associated with [[polymyositis]], [[scleroderma]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[systemic lupus erythematosus]])


As mentioned earlier,one-third of patients have their tumors discovered because they have an associated autoimmune disorder the most common of those conditions is [[myasthenia gravis]] (MG). Additional associated autoimmune conditions include [[pure red cell aplasia]] and [[Good's syndrome]] (thymoma with [[combined immunodeficiency]] and [[hypogammaglobulinemia]]). Other reported disease associations are with acute [[pericarditis]], [[Addison's disease]], [[agranulocytosis]], [[alopecia areata]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Cushing's disease]], [[hemolytic anemia]], [[limbic encephalitis]], [[myocarditis]], [[nephrotic syndrome]], [[panhypopituitarism]], [[pernicious anemia]], [[polymyositis]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[scleroderma]], sensorimotor [[radiculopathy]], [[stiff person syndrome]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] and [[thyroiditis]].
*Anexity, diarrhea and palpitation (associcated with [[thyroiditis]] and [[ulcerative colitis]])


One-third to one-half of all persons with thymoma have no symptoms at all, and the mass is identified on a [[chest X-ray]] or [[CT]]/[[CAT scan]] performed for an unrelated problem.
===Lack of symptoms==
 
33% to 50% of patients with thymoma have no symptoms at all, and the mass is identified on a [[chest X-ray]] performed for an unrelated problem.<ref name="pmid10561285">{{cite journal |author=Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ |title=Thymoma: state of the art |journal=[[Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology]] |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=2280–9 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10561285 |doi= |url=http://www.jco.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10561285 |accessdate=2012-01-18}}</ref>
A third to half of all people with a thymoma have no symptoms at all, and the mass is identified on a [[chest X-ray]] performed for an unrelated problem.<ref name="pmid10561285">{{cite journal |author=Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ |title=Thymoma: state of the art |journal=[[Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology]] |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=2280–9 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10561285 |doi= |url=http://www.jco.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10561285 |accessdate=2012-01-18}}</ref>


{| {{table}}
{| {{table}}
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| style="width: 75%;"| '''Diseases'''
| style="width: 75%;"| '''Diseases'''
|-
|-
| Neuromuscular Diseases ||[[Myasthenia gravis]], [[neuromyotonia]], [[rippling muscle disease]], [[polymyositis]]/[[dermatomyositis]], [[encephalitis]] (limbic, cortical and brain stem), [[intestinal pseudoobstruction]].
| Neuromuscular Diseases ||[[Myasthenia gravis]], [[neuromyotonia]], rippling muscle disease, [[polymyositis]]/[[dermatomyositis]], [[encephalitis]] (limbic, cortical and brain stem), [[intestinal pseudoobstruction]].
|-
|-
| Haematologic Autoimmune Diseases ||[[Anemia]]: [[pure red cell aplasia]], [[pernicious anemia]], [[hemolytic anemia]] and [[aplastic anemia]]. Other isolated cytopenis: [[esinophils]], [[basophils]] and [[neutophils]]. Immunodeficiencies: [[hypogammaglobulinaemia]] +/- T-cell deficiencies ([[Good syndrome]]).
| Haematologic Autoimmune Diseases ||[[Anemia]]: [[pure red cell aplasia]], [[pernicious anemia]], [[hemolytic anemia]] and [[aplastic anemia]]. Other isolated cytopenis: [[esinophils]], [[basophils]] and [[neutrophils]]. Immunodeficiencies: [[hypogammaglobulinaemia]] +/- T-cell deficiencies ([[Good syndrome]]).
|-
|-
| Dermatologic Diseases ||[[Pemphigus]] (foliaceus or paraneoplastic), [[lichen planus]], [[alopecia areata]].
| Dermatologic Diseases ||[[Pemphigus]] (foliaceus or paraneoplastic), [[lichen planus]], [[alopecia areata]].
|-
|-
| Endocrine Disorders ||[[Addison disease]], [[graves disease]] and [[cushing disease]].
| Endocrine Disorders ||[[Addison disease]], [[graves disease]] and [[Cushing disease]].
|-
|-
| Renal and Hepatic Diseases ||[[Glomerulonephritis]] and [[autoimmune hepatitis]].
| Renal and Hepatic Diseases ||[[Glomerulonephritis]] and [[autoimmune hepatitis]].
|-
|-
| Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ||[[SLE]], [[sjögren syndrome]], [[systmeic sclerosis]] and [[graft-versus-host-disease]].
| Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ||[[SLE]], [[Sjögren syndrome]], [[systemic sclerosis]] and [[graft-versus-host-disease]].
|}
|}


Revision as of 16:01, 22 September 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2]

Overview

Signs and symptoms

Template:Seealso

Symptoms related to compression

30% of patients with a thymoma have symptoms caused by compression of the surrounding organs, these symptoms may include:[1]

Sympotms related to associated autoimmune diseases

30% of patients have their tumors discovered because they have an associated autoimmune disorder, these symptoms may inculde:

=Lack of symptoms

33% to 50% of patients with thymoma have no symptoms at all, and the mass is identified on a chest X-ray performed for an unrelated problem.[1]

List of autoimmune diseases associated[2]
Type Diseases
Neuromuscular Diseases Myasthenia gravis, neuromyotonia, rippling muscle disease, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, encephalitis (limbic, cortical and brain stem), intestinal pseudoobstruction.
Haematologic Autoimmune Diseases Anemia: pure red cell aplasia, pernicious anemia, hemolytic anemia and aplastic anemia. Other isolated cytopenis: esinophils, basophils and neutrophils. Immunodeficiencies: hypogammaglobulinaemia +/- T-cell deficiencies (Good syndrome).
Dermatologic Diseases Pemphigus (foliaceus or paraneoplastic), lichen planus, alopecia areata.
Endocrine Disorders Addison disease, graves disease and Cushing disease.
Renal and Hepatic Diseases Glomerulonephritis and autoimmune hepatitis.
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases SLE, Sjögren syndrome, systemic sclerosis and graft-versus-host-disease.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ (1999). "Thymoma: state of the art". Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 17 (7): 2280–9. PMID 10561285. Retrieved 2012-01-18. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ "http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/pat-gen/bb10/BB10.pdf" (PDF). External link in |title= (help)


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