Multiple myeloma laboratory tests: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
Haytham Allaham (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha, Administrators
5,080 edits
Haytham Allaham (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha, Administrators
5,080 edits
No edit summary
Line 4: Line 4:


==Overview==
==Overview==
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of multiple myeloma include abnormal [[complete blood count]], [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] (ESR), [[basic metabolic panel]], [[electrophoresis]] and [[immunohistochemistry]]. An elevated concentration of serum protein level without concomitant elevation of serum albumin level is very suggestive of multiple myeloma.<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of multiple myeloma include abnormal [[complete blood count]], [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] (ESR), [[basic metabolic panel]], [[electrophoresis]] and [[immunohistochemistry]]. An elevated concentration of serum protein level without concomitant elevation of serum albumin level is very suggestive of multiple myeloma.<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>


==Laboratory Findings==
==Laboratory Findings==
====Complete blood count<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>====
====Complete blood count<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>====
* [[Anemia]]  
* [[Anemia]]  
* [[Thrombocytopenia]]  
* [[Thrombocytopenia]]  
Line 13: Line 13:


====Peripheral blood smear====
====Peripheral blood smear====
*[[Rouleaux formation]] of red blood cells<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
*[[Rouleaux formation]] of red blood cells<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>


====Basic metabolic panel<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>====
====Basic metabolic panel<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>====
* [[Hypercalcemia]] due to increased [[osteoclasts]] activity
* [[Hypercalcemia]] due to increased [[osteoclasts]] activity
* Raised [[serum creatinine]] level due to reduced [[renal function]]
* Raised [[serum creatinine]] level due to reduced [[renal function]]
Line 22: Line 22:
* High serum [[protein]] level with normal/decreased albumin level
* High serum [[protein]] level with normal/decreased albumin level


====Urinalysis<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>====
====Urinalysis<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>====
*A 24-hour collection of urine is usually needed to examine the amount of protein
*A 24-hour collection of urine is usually needed to examine the amount of protein


====Electrophoresis<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>====
====Electrophoresis<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>====
*[[Protein electrophoresis]] is a method that separates proteins in the serum or urine
*[[Protein electrophoresis]] is a method that separates proteins in the serum or urine
*70% of cases have high levels of [[IgG]]
*70% of cases have high levels of [[IgG]]
Line 33: Line 33:


====Free light chain immunoassay====
====Free light chain immunoassay====
*Potentially offers an improvement in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
*Potentially offers an improvement in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>


====Immunofixation====
====Immunofixation====
*Identifies the type of M-protein or immunoglobulin light chain detected by serum or urine electrophoresis<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
*Identifies the type of M-protein or immunoglobulin light chain detected by serum or urine electrophoresis<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>


====Quantitative immunoglobulins assay<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>====
====Quantitative immunoglobulins assay<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
* Quantitative measurement of IgA, IgG, IgM immunoglobulins to detect immune paresis
* Quantitative measurement of IgA, IgG, IgM immunoglobulins to detect immune paresis
* Monoclonal gammopathy (IgA and/or IgG peak)
* Monoclonal gammopathy (IgA and/or IgG peak)
Line 45: Line 45:


====Immunohistochemistry====  
====Immunohistochemistry====  
*Multiple myeolma cells are typically [[CD56]], [[CD38]], [[CD138]] positive and [[CD19]] and [[CD45]] negative.<ref>Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>
*Multiple myeolma cells are typically [[CD56]], [[CD38]], [[CD138]] positive and [[CD19]] and [[CD45]] negative.<ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:29, 23 September 2015

Multiple myeloma Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Multiple Myeloma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

Echocardiograph and Ultrasound

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Multiple myeloma laboratory tests On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Multiple myeloma laboratory tests

All Images
X-rays
Echo and Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Multiple myeloma laboratory tests

CDC on Multiple myeloma laboratory tests

Multiple myeloma laboratory tests in the news

Blogs on Multiple myeloma laboratory tests

Directions to Hospitals Treating Multiple myeloma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Multiple myeloma laboratory tests

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of multiple myeloma include abnormal complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), basic metabolic panel, electrophoresis and immunohistochemistry. An elevated concentration of serum protein level without concomitant elevation of serum albumin level is very suggestive of multiple myeloma.[1][2]

Laboratory Findings

Complete blood count[1][2]

Peripheral blood smear

Basic metabolic panel[1][2]

Urinalysis[1][2]

  • A 24-hour collection of urine is usually needed to examine the amount of protein

Electrophoresis[1][2]

  • Protein electrophoresis is a method that separates proteins in the serum or urine
  • 70% of cases have high levels of IgG
  • 20% of cases have high levels of IgA
  • 5–10% of cases have only immunoglobulin light chains (Bence Jones proteins)
  • Rarely κ- or λ-light chains may be secreted in isolation

Free light chain immunoassay

  • Potentially offers an improvement in monitoring disease progression and response to treatment[1][2]

Immunofixation

  • Identifies the type of M-protein or immunoglobulin light chain detected by serum or urine electrophoresis[1][2]

====Quantitative immunoglobulins assay[1][2]

  • Quantitative measurement of IgA, IgG, IgM immunoglobulins to detect immune paresis
  • Monoclonal gammopathy (IgA and/or IgG peak)
  • Reverse albumin:globulin ratio (low albumin, high globulin)
  • Elevated β2-microglobulin level

Immunohistochemistry

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia(2015)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September 2015


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Multiple_myeloma_laboratory_tests&oldid=1161011"