Meningioma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Line 4: Line 4:


==Overview==
==Overview==
Meningioma arises from the [[arachnoid]] "cap" cells, which are normally involved in the protection of the [[central nervous system]] by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]].<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="C">Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015</ref> The majority of meningiomas are [[benign]].<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="C">Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015</ref> Development of meningioma is the result of multiple genetic mutations.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> On gross pathology, a gray, well-circumscribed, dome-shaped mass is a characteristic finding of meningioma.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> On microscopic [[histopathological]] analysis, whorled appearance, [[calcification]], and [[psammoma]] bodies are characteristic findings of of meningioma.<ref name="liber">Meningioma. Liberpathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>
Meningioma arises from the [[arachnoid]] "cap" cells, which are normally involved in the protection of the [[central nervous system]] by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]].<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="C">Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="radio">Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> The majority of meningiomas are [[benign]].<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="C">Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="radio">Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> Development of meningioma is the result of multiple genetic mutations.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> On gross pathology, a gray, well-circumscribed, dome-shaped mass is a characteristic finding of meningioma.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> On microscopic [[histopathological]] analysis, whorled appearance, [[calcification]], and [[psammoma]] bodies are characteristic findings of of meningioma.<ref name="liber">Meningioma. Liberpathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref>


==Pathogenesis==
==Pathogenesis==

Revision as of 12:24, 25 September 2015

Meningioma Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Meningioma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Meningioma pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Meningioma pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo and Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Meningioma pathophysiology

CDC on Meningioma pathophysiology

Meningioma pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Meningioma pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Meningioma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Meningioma pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

Meningioma arises from the arachnoid "cap" cells, which are normally involved in the protection of the central nervous system by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the brain and spinal cord.[1][2][3] The majority of meningiomas are benign.[1][2][3] Development of meningioma is the result of multiple genetic mutations.[1] On gross pathology, a gray, well-circumscribed, dome-shaped mass is a characteristic finding of meningioma.[1] On microscopic histopathological analysis, whorled appearance, calcification, and psammoma bodies are characteristic findings of of meningioma.[4]

Pathogenesis

Meningioma arises from the arachnoid "cap" cells, which are normally involved in the protection of the central nervous system by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the brain and spinal cord. The majority of meningiomas are benign; however, a minority of cases may develop a malignant nature. The exact pathophysiology of meningioma depends on the histological subtype of the tumor.[1] Meningiomas are frequently found attached to the dura surrounding the brain tissue in several locations that include:[1]

Genetics

  • Development of meningioma is the result of multiple genetic mutations.[1]
  • The majority of meningioma cases involve a mutation in the neurofibromatosis 2 gene located on chromosome 22.[1]
  • Other genes involved in the pathogenesis of meningioma include:[1]
  • Protein kinase AKT1 gene located on human chromosome 14
  • Meningioma 1 MN1 gene located on human chromosome 22
  • Phosphatase and tensin homolog PTEN gene located on both human chromosomes 10 and 19
  • SMO gene located on human chromosome 6 and 7

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, a gray, well-circumscribed, dome-shaped mass is a characteristic finding of meningioma.[1]

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, whorled appearance, calcification, and psammoma bodies are characteristic findings of of meningioma.[4]
  • The table below differentiates between the three main groups of meningioma according to WHO histological classification:[4][2][3]
Grade Histologic features Image

Benign (Grade I) meningioma

Less then 4 mitosis/10 HPF, no atypia

Grade 1 Meningioma

Atypical (Grade II) meningioma

Brain invasion, 4 or more mitosis/10 HPF, necrosis, increased cell count, high nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, increased nucleoli size, presence of sheeting

Grade 2 menigioma

Anaplastic (Grade III) meningioma

20 or more mitoses/10 HPF, histology similar to carcinoma or sarcoma

Grade 3 menigioma


  • Demonstrated below is a series of microscopic smears which feature specific findings observed in each subtype of meningioma:[4]
  • Meningothelial meningioma with syncytial appearance and whorl formation

    Meningothelial meningioma with syncytial appearance and whorl formation

  • Meningothelial meningioma with psammoma body

    Meningothelial meningioma with psammoma body

  • Meningothelial meningioma with onion bulb formation

    Meningothelial meningioma with onion bulb formation

  • Meningothelial meningioma on HPS stain

    Meningothelial meningioma on HPS stain

  • Fibrous meningioma with spindle cells in parallel bundles

    Fibrous meningioma with spindle cells in parallel bundles

  • Fibrous meingioma on EMA stain

    Fibrous meingioma on EMA stain

  • Transitional meningioma with coexisting lobular and fasicular growth patterns

    Transitional meningioma with coexisting lobular and fasicular growth patterns

  • Psammomatous meningioma with numerous psammoma bodies

    Psammomatous meningioma with numerous psammoma bodies

  • Angiomatous meningioma with hyalinized vessels

    Angiomatous meningioma with hyalinized vessels

  • Microcystic meningioma with cystic appearance and increased pleomorphism of the elongated cells

    Microcystic meningioma with cystic appearance and increased pleomorphism of the elongated cells

  • Secretory meningioma with secretory granules

    Secretory meningioma with secretory granules

  • Secretory meningioma with PAS stain positive secretory granules

    Secretory meningioma with PAS stain positive secretory granules

  • Chordoid meningioma with myxoid appearance

    Chordoid meningioma with myxoid appearance

  • Papillary meningioma with discohesive tumor cells located around a fibrovascular core

    Papillary meningioma with discohesive tumor cells located around a fibrovascular core

  • Rhabdoid meningioma with abundant cytoplasm and cross-striations

    Rhabdoid meningioma with abundant cytoplasm and cross-striations

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Meningioma. Liberpathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview accessed on September, 25th 2015


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Meningioma_pathophysiology&oldid=1162673"