Mediastinitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Mediastinitis is the inflammation or infection of the | Mediastinitis is the inflammation or infection of the mediastinitum.<ref name="pmid23372962">{{cite journal| author=Koksal D, Bayiz H, Mutluay N, Koyuncu A, Demirag F, Dagli G et al.| title=Fibrosing mediastinitis mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma. | journal=J Thorac Dis | year= 2013 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= E5-7 | pmid=23372962 | doi=10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.07.03 | pmc=PMC3548007 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23372962 }} </ref> Although the pathogenesis of the infection remains unknown, radiographic, serologic, or histopathologic evidence of prior ''Histoplasma capsulatum'' infection, [[histoplasmosis]], or [[chronic granulomatous disease]] is always observed. <ref> Histopathologic Overlap between Fibrosing Mediastinitis and IgG4-Related Disease. International Journal of Rheumatology (2012). http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijr/2012/207056/ Accessed on September 25, 2015 </ref> | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Gross Pathology=== | ===Gross Pathology=== | ||
On gross pathology, characteristic findings of mediastinitis include: | On gross pathology, characteristic findings of mediastinitis include:<ref name="pmid11353121">{{cite journal| author=Rossi SE, McAdams HP, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Franks TJ, Galvin JR| title=Fibrosing mediastinitis. | journal=Radiographics | year= 2001 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 737-57 | pmid=11353121 | doi=10.1148/radiographics.21.3.g01ma17737 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11353121 }} </ref><ref name=PPP> Thoracic pathology: a volume in the high yield pathology series. (2012). https://books.google.com/books?id=r84Q7chDuA0C&pg=PA436&lpg=PA436&dq=gross+pathology+mediastinitis&source=bl&ots=v4XFqMOpyF&sig=IjC_T21JKPmeBUdkHjOdV-qTQug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAWoVChMI7e6_jPySyAIVQaseCh2Y5gIc#v=onepage&q=gross%20pathology%20mediastinitis&f=false Accessed on September 28, 2015.</ref> | ||
*White, fibrotic mass | *White, fibrotic mass | ||
*Distinct gap | *Distinct gap between [[adipose|adipose tissue]] | ||
===Microscopic Pathology=== | ===Microscopic Pathology=== | ||
On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of mediastinitis include: | On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of mediastinitis include:<ref name="pmid11353121">{{cite journal| author=Rossi SE, McAdams HP, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Franks TJ, Galvin JR| title=Fibrosing mediastinitis. | journal=Radiographics | year= 2001 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 737-57 | pmid=11353121 | doi=10.1148/radiographics.21.3.g01ma17737 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11353121 }} </ref><ref name=PPP> Thoracic pathology: a volume in the high yield pathology series. (2012). https://books.google.com/books?id=r84Q7chDuA0C&pg=PA436&lpg=PA436&dq=gross+pathology+mediastinitis&source=bl&ots=v4XFqMOpyF&sig=IjC_T21JKPmeBUdkHjOdV-qTQug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAWoVChMI7e6_jPySyAIVQaseCh2Y5gIc#v=onepage&q=gross%20pathology%20mediastinitis&f=false Accessed on September 28, 2015.</ref> | ||
*Inflammation with granulated tissue | |||
*Avascular and paucicellular fibrohyaline tissue | |||
Additionally, development of mediastinitis is generally associated with the presence of ''Histoplasma capsulatum''. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:31, 28 September 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Mediastinitis is the inflammation or infection of the mediastinitum.[1] Although the pathogenesis of the infection remains unknown, radiographic, serologic, or histopathologic evidence of prior Histoplasma capsulatum infection, histoplasmosis, or chronic granulomatous disease is always observed. [2]
Pathophysiology
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, characteristic findings of mediastinitis include:[3][4]
- White, fibrotic mass
- Distinct gap between adipose tissue
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of mediastinitis include:[3][4]
- Inflammation with granulated tissue
- Avascular and paucicellular fibrohyaline tissue
Additionally, development of mediastinitis is generally associated with the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum.
References
- ↑ Koksal D, Bayiz H, Mutluay N, Koyuncu A, Demirag F, Dagli G; et al. (2013). "Fibrosing mediastinitis mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma". J Thorac Dis. 5 (1): E5–7. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.07.03. PMC 3548007. PMID 23372962.
- ↑ Histopathologic Overlap between Fibrosing Mediastinitis and IgG4-Related Disease. International Journal of Rheumatology (2012). http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijr/2012/207056/ Accessed on September 25, 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rossi SE, McAdams HP, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Franks TJ, Galvin JR (2001). "Fibrosing mediastinitis". Radiographics. 21 (3): 737–57. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.3.g01ma17737. PMID 11353121.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Thoracic pathology: a volume in the high yield pathology series. (2012). https://books.google.com/books?id=r84Q7chDuA0C&pg=PA436&lpg=PA436&dq=gross+pathology+mediastinitis&source=bl&ots=v4XFqMOpyF&sig=IjC_T21JKPmeBUdkHjOdV-qTQug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAWoVChMI7e6_jPySyAIVQaseCh2Y5gIc#v=onepage&q=gross%20pathology%20mediastinitis&f=false Accessed on September 28, 2015.