Thymoma staging: Difference between revisions
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|+ <SMALL>''Masaoka Staging (1981)''<ref name="Masaoka-1981">{{Cite journal | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Monden | first2 = Y. | last3 = Nakahara | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanioka | first4 = T. | title = Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. | journal = Cancer | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 2485-92 | month = Dec | year = 1981 | doi = | PMID = 7296496 }}</ref></SMALL> | |+ <SMALL>''Masaoka Staging (1981)''<ref name="Masaoka-1981">{{Cite journal | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Monden | first2 = Y. | last3 = Nakahara | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanioka | first4 = T. | title = Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. | journal = Cancer | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 2485-92 | month = Dec | year = 1981 | doi = | PMID = 7296496 }}</ref></SMALL> | ||
! style="background: # | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Stage''' | ||
! style="background: # | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Description''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''I''' || Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion | | style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''I''' || Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion | ||
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|+ <SMALL>''Clinical Staging by Bergh (1978) and Wilkins (1979)''<ref name="Bergh-1978">{{Cite journal | last1 = Bergh | first1 = NP. | last2 = Gatzinsky | first2 = P. | last3 = Larsson | first3 = S. | last4 = Lundin | first4 = P. | last5 = Ridell | first5 = B. | title = Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 91-8 | month = Feb | year = 1978 | doi = | PMID = 626543 }}</ref><ref name="Wilkins-1979">{{Cite journal | last1 = Wilkins | first1 = EW. | last2 = Castleman | first2 = B. | title = Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 252-6 | month = Sep | year = 1979 | doi = | PMID = 485626 }}</ref></SMALL> | |+ <SMALL>''Clinical Staging by Bergh (1978) and Wilkins (1979)''<ref name="Bergh-1978">{{Cite journal | last1 = Bergh | first1 = NP. | last2 = Gatzinsky | first2 = P. | last3 = Larsson | first3 = S. | last4 = Lundin | first4 = P. | last5 = Ridell | first5 = B. | title = Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 91-8 | month = Feb | year = 1978 | doi = | PMID = 626543 }}</ref><ref name="Wilkins-1979">{{Cite journal | last1 = Wilkins | first1 = EW. | last2 = Castleman | first2 = B. | title = Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital. | journal = Ann Thorac Surg | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 252-6 | month = Sep | year = 1979 | doi = | PMID = 485626 }}</ref></SMALL> | ||
! style="background: # | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Author''' | ||
! style="background: # | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Stage''' | ||
! style="background: # | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | '''Description''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background: #F0F0F0;" rowspan=3 align=center | Bergh et al. || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''I''' || Intact capsule or growth within the capsule | | style="background: #F0F0F0;" rowspan=3 align=center | Bergh et al. || style="background: #F0F0F0;" align=center | '''I''' || Intact capsule or growth within the capsule | ||
Revision as of 19:48, 28 September 2015
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Thymoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Case Studies |
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Thymoma staging On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Thymoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2]
Overview
The thymic epithelial tumor staging system was initially proposed by Bergh and his colleagues in 1978,[1] modified by Wilkins and Castleman in 1979,[2] and further developed by Masaoka et al. in 1981.[3][4] Modified Masaoka staging grouped with TNM classification is the most widely adopted system for thymic epithelial tumors currently in use.
Modified Masaoka Clinical Staging of Thymoma
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| I | Macroscopically and microscopically completely encapsulated |
| II | A. Microscopic transcapsular invasion B. Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or grossly adherent to but not through mediastinal pleura or pericardium |
| III | Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organs (ie, pericardium, great vessels, lung) A. Without invasion of great vessels B. With invasion of great vessels |
| IV | A. Pleural or pericardial dissemination B. Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis |
TNM Classification of Thymic Epithelial Tumors
| T/N/M Stage | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| T factor | T1 | Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion |
| T2 | Macroscopically adhesion or invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura, or microscopic invasion into capsule | |
| T3 | Invasion into neighboring organs, such as pericardium, great vessels, and lung | |
| T4 | Pleural or pericardial dissemination | |
| N factor | N0 | No lymph node metastasis |
| N1 | Metastasis to anterior mediastinal lymph nodes | |
| N2 | Metastasis to intrathoracic lymphnodes except anterior mediastinal lymph nodes | |
| N3 | Metastasis to extrathoracic lymphnodes | |
| M factor | M0 | No hematogenous metastasis |
| M1 | Hematogenous metastasis | |
| Masaoka Stage | T factor | N factor | M factor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage I | T1 | N0 | M0 |
| Stage II | T2 | N0 | M0 |
| Stage III | T3 | N0 | M0 |
| Stage IVa | T4 | N0 | M0 |
| Stage IVb | Any T | N1, N2, or N3 | M0 |
| Any T | Any N | M1 |
Previously Reported Staging System
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| I | Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion |
| II | 1. Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura 2. Microscopic invasion into capsule |
| III | Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organ (ie, pericardium, great vessels, or lung) |
| IVa | Pleural or pericardial dissemination |
| IVb | Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis |
| Author | Stage | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bergh et al. | I | Intact capsule or growth within the capsule |
| II | Pericapsular growth into the mediastinal fat tissue | |
| III | Invasive growth into the surrounding organs and/or intrathoracic metastases | |
| Wilkins et al. | I | Intact capsule or growth within the capsule |
| II | Pericapsular growth into the mediastinal fat tissue or adjacent pleura or pericardium | |
| III | Invasive growth into the surrounding organs and/or intrathoracic metastases |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bergh, NP.; Gatzinsky, P.; Larsson, S.; Lundin, P.; Ridell, B. (1978). "Tumors of the thymus and thymic region: I. Clinicopathological studies on thymomas". Ann Thorac Surg. 25 (2): 91–8. PMID 626543. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wilkins, EW.; Castleman, B. (1979). "Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital". Ann Thorac Surg. 28 (3): 252–6. PMID 485626. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Masaoka, A.; Monden, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Tanioka, T. (1981). "Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages". Cancer. 48 (11): 2485–92. PMID 7296496. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kondo, K. (2005). "Invited commentary". Ann Thorac Surg. 80 (6): 2000–1. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.053. PMID 16305832. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Masaoka, A.; Yamakawa, Y.; Niwa, H.; Fukai, I.; Saito, Y.; Tokudome, S.; Nakahara, K.; Fujii, Y. (1994). "Thymectomy and malignancy". Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 8 (5): 251–3. PMID 8043287.
- ↑ Sinha Hikim AP, Hoffer AP (1987). "Quantitative analysis of germ cells and Leydig cells in rat made infertile with gossypol". Contraception. 35 (4): 395–408. PMID 3621939.
- ↑ Tsuchiya R, Koga K, Matsuno Y, Mukai K, Shimosato Y (1994). "Thymic carcinoma: proposal for pathological TNM and staging". Pathol Int. 44 (7): 505–12. PMID 7921194.