Carcinoid syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:27, 29 September 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include genetic disorders (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and neurofibromatosis type 1) and genetic mutations (gains involving chromosomes 5, 14, 17, and 19 and losses involving chromosomes 11 and 18).^[1]

Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include:^[1]


Genetic disorder	Tumor location

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1	Carcinoids associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 appear to be of foregut origin
Neurofibromatosis type 1	Carcinoids in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 appear to arise primarily in the periampullary region


Type of mutation	Chromosomes

Gains	Chromosome 5 Chromosome 14 Chromosome 17 Chromosome 19
Losses	Chromosome 11 Chromosome 18

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include genetic disorders ([[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] and [[neurofibromatosis type 1]]) and genetic mutations (gains involving chromosomes 5, 14, 17, and 19 and losses involving chromosomes 11 and 18).<ref>Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
+Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include genetic disorders ([[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] and [[neurofibromatosis type 1]]) and genetic mutations (gains involving chromosomes 5, 14, 17, and 19 and losses involving chromosomes 11 and 18).<ref name=aaa>Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
 ==Causes==
-Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include:<ref>Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
+Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include:<ref name=aaa>Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
 *'''Genetic disorders'''