Medulloblastoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:42, 29 September 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Medulloblastoma arises from cerebellar stem cells, which are normally involved in the anatomical development of the cerebellum and other posterior fossa structures.^[1]
Medulloblastoma is usually located at the infratentorial region, where it forms a mass between the brain stem and the cerebellum in the vicinity of the fourth ventricle.^[1]
Medulloblastoma is an invasive and rapidly growing tumor.^[1]
Unlike most brain tumors, medulloblastoma may spread through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and frequently metastasize to different organs of the body.^[1]
Medulloblastoma is often associated with gorlin syndrome and turcot syndrome.^[1]

Histologically, the tumor is solid, pink-gray in color, and is well circumscribed.

The tumor is very cellular, many mitoses, little cytoplasm, and has the tendency to form clusters and rosettes.

Small round cell tumour, Homer-Wright rosettes: , Rosette with a meshwork of fibers (neuropil) at the centre.

Medulloblastoma smear^[2]
Medulloblastoma smear ^[2]
Medulloblastoma smear demonstrating Homer-Wright rosettes^[2]
Medulloblastoma smear demonstrating cerebellar infiltrative growth^[2]
Medullloblastoma smear demonstrating demsomplastic nodular growth^[2]
Anaplastic large cell medulloblastoma smear^[2]
Medulloblastoma smear^[2]
Desmoplastic medulloblastoma smear on reticulin stain demonstrating "pale islands"^[2]
Desmoplastic medulloblastoma on MIB-1 immunostaining^[2]
Medulloblastoma smear demonstrating areas of geographic necrosis^[2]
Medulloblastoma smear demonstrating epitheloid ribboning and nuclear moulding of tumor cells^[2]
Medulloblastoma smear demonstrating partial MAP2 immunoreactivity^[2]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Medulloblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September 2015
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 Medulloblastoma. Librepathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September, 28th 2015

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ==Genetics==
-* Development of medulloblastoma is the result of multiple [[genetic mutation]]s.
+* Development of medulloblastoma is the result of multiple [[genetic mutation]]s.<ref name="wiki">Medulloblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September, 29th 2015</ref>
-* [[Genes]] involved in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma include:
+* [[Genes]] involved in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma include:<ref name="wiki">Medulloblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September, 29th 2015</ref>
-:* ''CTNNB1'' gene on chromosomes 3
+:* ''CTNNB1'' gene on [[chromosome 3]]
-:* ''PTCH1'' gene located on chromosome 9
+:* ''PTCH1'' gene located on [[chromosome 9]]
-:* ''MLL2'' gene located on chromosome 12
+:* ''MLL2'' gene located on [[chromosome 12]]
-:* ''SMARCA4'' gene located on [[chromosome]] 19
+:* ''SMARCA4'' gene located on [[chromosome 19]]
-:* ''DDX3X'' gene located on X chromosome
+:* ''DDX3X'' gene located on [[X chromosome]]
-:* ''CTDNEP1'' gene located on chromosome 17
+:* ''CTDNEP1'' gene located on [[chromosome 17]]
-:* ''KDM6A'' gene located on [[X chromosome]]
+:* ''KDM6A'' gene located on X chromosome
-:* ''TBR1'' gene located on chromosome 2
+:* ''TBR1'' gene located on [[chromosome 2]]
 * The progression to medulloblastoma usually involves the [[P53]] molecular pathway.