Carcinoid syndrome history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Symptoms of carcinoid tumor include flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, abdominal cramps, wheezing, and cough.

History

When evaluating a patient for carcinoid syndrome, you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (onset, duration, and progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough past medical history review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are:

• Review of any family history of predisposing genetic disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or neurofibromatosis type 1

Symptoms

Carcinoid Syndrome

Common symptoms of carcinoid syndrome include:

• Flushing
• Diarrhea
• Wheezing
• Abdominal cramping
• Swelling of leg
• Shortness of breath
• Palpitations

• Weight gain

• Hirsutism

• Weakness

This constellation of symptoms is called carcinoid syndrome or (if acute) carcinoid crisis. Occasionally, hemorrhage or pressure effects of the tumor are the presenting symptoms.

Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor

• Abdominal pain

• Diarrhea

• Facial flushing

• Rash

• Gastrointestinal bleeding

• Pellagra, which causes scale-like skin sores, diarrhea, and mental disturbances

• Melena

Lung Carcinoid Tumor

• Post-obstructive pneumonia
• Wheezing
• Cough

Thymic Carcinoids

Approximately 40% of patients with thymic carcinoid have Cushing syndrome as a result of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion by the tumor.

Carcinoid Heart Disease

Carcinoid heart disease develops in more than one-third of patients with carcinoid syndrome. Symptoms include:

• Tricuspid and pulmonic regurgitation
• Pulmonary stenosis
• Mitral and aortic insufficiency
• Cardiac dysrhythmias

References

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