Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AS}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AS}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The known risk factors in the development of | The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, [[autoimmune disorders]], certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to [[pesticides]], exposure to [[trichloroethylene]], [[diet]], [[obesity]], hair dyes, and occupational exposures. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The known risk factors in the development of | The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, [[autoimmune disorders]], certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to [[pesticides]], exposure to [[trichloroethylene]], [[diet]], [[obesity]], hair dyes, and occupational exposures.<ref name=CCS>{{cite web | title = Canadian Cancer Society Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma| url =http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/risks/?region=ab}}</ref> | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center | ||
|+ '''Risk factors for | |+ '''Risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma''' | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | Known risk factors | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | Known risk factors | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | Possible risk factors | ! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;" | Possible risk factors | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Weakened immune system | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Weakened immune system | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Autoimmune disorders | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Autoimmune disorders | ||
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===A. Known risk factors=== | ===A. Known risk factors=== | ||
* The likelihood of getting | * The likelihood of getting non-Hodgkin lymphoma increases with age and is more common in men than in women. | ||
====1. Weakened immune system==== | ====1. Weakened immune system==== | ||
*a. Congenital immune system damage | *a. Congenital immune system damage | ||
::* Inherited disorders | ::* Inherited disorders | ||
:::* [[Ataxia-telangiectasia]] (AT) | :::* [[Ataxia-telangiectasia]] (AT) | ||
| Line 79: | Line 78: | ||
::* Linked with [[primary effusion lymphoma]], [[body cavity lymphoma]] and [[AIDS-related lymphoma]] | ::* Linked with [[primary effusion lymphoma]], [[body cavity lymphoma]] and [[AIDS-related lymphoma]] | ||
:* [[Hepatitis C virus]] (HCV) and [[hepatitis B virus]] (HBV) | :* [[Hepatitis C virus]] (HCV) and [[hepatitis B virus]] (HBV) | ||
::* Higher risk of developing some types of | ::* Higher risk of developing some types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
* [[Bacterial]] infection | * [[Bacterial]] infection | ||
:* [[Helicobacter pylori]] (H. pylori) | :* [[Helicobacter pylori]] (H. pylori) | ||
| Line 87: | Line 86: | ||
====4. Previous cancer treatment==== | ====4. Previous cancer treatment==== | ||
* People who have received chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy | * People who have received chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy | ||
* People who have been treated for cancer have a higher risk of developing | * People who have been treated for cancer have a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma for the rest of their lives | ||
* The risk of developing | * The risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma is greatest in the first 5 years after treatment | ||
===B. Possible risk factors=== | ===B. Possible risk factors=== | ||
*1. Family history of | *1. Family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
:* Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not generally considered to be familial, which means occurring in families more often than would be expected by chance | :* Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not generally considered to be familial, which means occurring in families more often than would be expected by chance | ||
:* Higher risk of | :* Higher risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in people with a first-degree relative (a parent, brother, sister or child) who has been diagnosed with lymphoma | ||
*2. Exposure to [[pesticides]] | *2. Exposure to [[pesticides]] | ||
:* Exposure to certain pesticides, such as [[Agent Orange]], may be linked with a higher risk of developing | :* Exposure to certain pesticides, such as [[Agent Orange]], may be linked with a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
*3. Exposure to [[trichloroethylene]] | *3. Exposure to [[trichloroethylene]] | ||
:* Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent used mostly to remove grease from metal | :* Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent used mostly to remove grease from metal | ||
:* Exposure to TCE may increase the risk of developing | :* Exposure to TCE may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
*4. Diet | *4. Diet | ||
:* Diets high in meat, dairy products and saturated fat may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||
:* Diets high in meat, dairy products and saturated fat may increase the risk of developing | :* Diets low in vegetables increase the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
:* Diets low in vegetables increase the risk of | |||
*5. Obesity | *5. Obesity | ||
:* May increase the risk of developing | :* May increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly [[large B-cell lymphoma]] | ||
*6. Hair dyes | *6. Hair dyes | ||
:* Higher risk in people who used hair dye before 1980 | :* Higher risk in people who used hair dye before 1980 | ||
Revision as of 18:13, 2 October 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]
Overview
The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, autoimmune disorders, certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to pesticides, exposure to trichloroethylene, diet, obesity, hair dyes, and occupational exposures.
Risk Factors
The known risk factors in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma are weakened immune system, autoimmune disorders, certain infections, and previous cancer treatment. Other possible risk factors include positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, exposure to pesticides, exposure to trichloroethylene, diet, obesity, hair dyes, and occupational exposures.[1]
| Known risk factors | Possible risk factors |
|---|---|
| Weakened immune system | Positive family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| Autoimmune disorders | Exposure to pesticides |
| Certain infections | Exposure to trichloroethylene |
| Previous cancer treatment | Diet |
| Obesity | |
| Hair dyes | |
| Occupational exposures |
A. Known risk factors
- The likelihood of getting non-Hodgkin lymphoma increases with age and is more common in men than in women.
1. Weakened immune system
- a. Congenital immune system damage
- Inherited disorders
- Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT)
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
- X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder
- b. Acquired immune system damage
- Acquired disorders
- Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
- HIV and AIDS
- Immunosuppressant drugs for
- Organ transplant (such as a kidney, heart or liver transplant)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
2. Autoimmune disorders
- Linked with marginal cell lymphoma
- Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Linked with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
- Linked with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Linked with a higher risk for enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL)
- Hashimotos thyroiditis
- Linked with a higher risk of developing primary thyroid lymphoma
3. Certain infections
- Viral infection
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
- Causes infectious mononucleosis
- Occur most commonly in Africa
- Linked to Burkitt lymphoma
- Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus, type 1 (HTLV-1)
- Most common in southern Japan and the Caribbean
- Risk of developing adult T-cell lymphoma and leukemia
- Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
- Linked with primary effusion lymphoma, body cavity lymphoma and AIDS-related lymphoma
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)
- Higher risk of developing some types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Bacterial infection
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
- Linked with gastric lymphomas, particularly mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma)
- Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni)
- Linked with a mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma)
4. Previous cancer treatment
- People who have received chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy
- People who have been treated for cancer have a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma for the rest of their lives
- The risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma is greatest in the first 5 years after treatment
B. Possible risk factors
- 1. Family history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not generally considered to be familial, which means occurring in families more often than would be expected by chance
- Higher risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in people with a first-degree relative (a parent, brother, sister or child) who has been diagnosed with lymphoma
- 2. Exposure to pesticides
- Exposure to certain pesticides, such as Agent Orange, may be linked with a higher risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- 3. Exposure to trichloroethylene
- Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent used mostly to remove grease from metal
- Exposure to TCE may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- 4. Diet
- Diets high in meat, dairy products and saturated fat may increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Diets low in vegetables increase the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- 5. Obesity
- May increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly large B-cell lymphoma
- 6. Hair dyes
- Higher risk in people who used hair dye before 1980
- Risk affects people who used permanent dyes with dark colors in particular
- Risk may also be higher in hair dressers and barbers, who were exposed to the dye at work
- 7. Occupational exposures
- Farming
- Rubber industry
- Wood and forestry
- Printing
- Welding