Gestational trophoblastic disease

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Gestational trophoblastic disease
DiseasesDB	2602
MedlinePlus	001496
MeSH	D031901

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2] Synonyms and keywords: Gestational trophoblastic tumor; Hydatidiform mole; Complete mole; Partial mole; Invasive mole; Placental site trophoblastic tumour; Epithelioid trophoblastic tumour; Choriocarcinoma

Overview

Gestational trophoblastic disease, usually referred to as a mole, is a very rare abnormality of pregnancy in the reproductive female that involves abnormal trophoblast proliferation.

Classification

There are profound differences in pathological morphology and clinical behavior in various forms of GTD. Types include:

• Abnormal placenta, mostly due to abnormal fertilization
  • Hydatidiform mole (HM)
• Frank malignant tumors of trophoblast
  • Invasive mole, choriocarcinoma (CCA)
  • Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)
  • Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT)
• Not true neoplasms, representing abnormally formed placentas
  • Exaggerated placenta site (EPS)
  • Placental site nodule (PSN)

Pathophysiology

It is the result of a (purely chance) genetic error during the fertilization process that in turn causes the growth of abnormal tissue (which is not an embryo) within the uterus. The growth of this material is disproportionately rapid when compared to normal fetal growth.