Chronic myelogenous leukemia laboratory tests

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia include leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and anemia.

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia include:

• Complete blood count

• Increased granulocytes of all types
• Increased basophils and eosinophils
• Thrombocytopenia
• Anemia

• Blood chemistry

• The following blood levels may be elevated:

• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
• Creatinine
• Phosphate
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
• Aspartate transaminase (AST)
• Uric acid

• Bleeding and clotting factor

• The following blood levels may be elevated:

• Prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR)
• Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

• Cytochemistry

• Cytochemistry helps determine the type of cells that are present

• Flow cytometry

• Flow cytometry helps determine the type of cells that are present

• Cytogenetics

• Chromosome changes that may occur in some people with leukemia include:

• Translocations
• Inversions
• loss or gain of a chromosome number

• Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

• Similar to Cytogenetics, but more specific

• Polymerase chain reaction

• Helpful to detect specific abnormalities in blood or bone marrow cells. Abnormalities can be found even if very few leukemia cells are present in a tissue sample.

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. After a small area of skin is numbed, a Jamshidi needle (a long, hollow needle) is inserted into the patient’s hip bone. Samples of blood, bone, and bone marrow are removed for examination under a microscope. Source

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