Retinoblastoma history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The most common finding of retinoblastoma is leukocoria which is an abnormal appearance of the retina as viewed through the pupil, also known as amaurotic cat's eye reflex.<ref name="pmid14654593">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Beaverson K, Sangani P, Vora RA, Lee TC, Hochberg HM et al.| title=Screening for retinoblastoma: presenting signs as prognosticators of patient and ocular survival. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2003 | volume= 112 | issue= 6 Pt 1 | pages= 1248-55 | pmid=14654593 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14654593 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3746592">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Ellsworth RM, Grumbach N, Sturgis-Buckhout L, Haik BG| title=Retinoblastoma: correlation between age at diagnosis and survival. | journal=J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus | year= 1986 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 174-7 | pmid=3746592 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3746592 }} </ref> Some children with retinoblastoma can develop a strabismus, nystagmus, red eye and squint which is commonly referred to as "cross-eyed" or "wall-eyed" (strabismus). Emergency referral to an Opthalmologist is warranted when a child presents with Leukocoria or Strabismus.<ref name="NIH"> Retinoblastoma. National Cancer Institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/hp/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq#link/_718_toc Accessed on October 10 2015</ref> | The most common finding of retinoblastoma is leukocoria which is an abnormal appearance of the retina as viewed through the pupil, also known as amaurotic cat's eye reflex.<ref name="pmid14654593">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Beaverson K, Sangani P, Vora RA, Lee TC, Hochberg HM et al.| title=Screening for retinoblastoma: presenting signs as prognosticators of patient and ocular survival. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2003 | volume= 112 | issue= 6 Pt 1 | pages= 1248-55 | pmid=14654593 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14654593 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3746592">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Ellsworth RM, Grumbach N, Sturgis-Buckhout L, Haik BG| title=Retinoblastoma: correlation between age at diagnosis and survival. | journal=J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus | year= 1986 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 174-7 | pmid=3746592 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3746592 }} </ref> Some children with retinoblastoma can develop a strabismus, nystagmus, red eye and squint which is commonly referred to as "cross-eyed" or "wall-eyed" (strabismus). Emergency referral to an Opthalmologist is warranted when a child presents with Leukocoria or Strabismus.<ref name="NIH"> Retinoblastoma. National Cancer Institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/hp/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq#link/_718_toc Accessed on October 10 2015</ref> | ||
[[ | [[File:Retinoblastoma leukocoria.jpeg |thumb|none|200px|T2 MRI showing retinoblastoma<ref name="radio1">Image courtesy of Dr. Frank Gaillard [http://www.radiopaedia.org Radiopaedia] (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/retinoblastoma-leukocoria]).[http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC</ref>]] | ||
Less common symptoms of retinoblastoma include:<ref name="wiki"> Retinoblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoblastoma Accessed on October 10 2015</ref> | Less common symptoms of retinoblastoma include:<ref name="wiki"> Retinoblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoblastoma Accessed on October 10 2015</ref> | ||
*Deterioration of vision | *Deterioration of vision | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [3]
Overview
The hallmark of retinoblastoma is leukocoria which is an abnormal appearance of the retina as viewed through the pupil, also known as amaurotic cat's eye reflex.[1][2] A positive family history of retinoblastoma may be present. Less common symptoms of retinoblastoma include deterioration of vision, a red and irritated eye, eye pain, squint, proptosis and fever.[3]
History
In taking a medical history, the doctor will ask questions about present illness, a family history of retinoblastoma or risk factors for retinoblastoma and signs and symptoms that may suggest retinoblastoma. The physician must specifically inquire about a family history of eye tumors, blindness, childhood malignancies, or enucleations. A family history of other cancers such as sarcomas should also be inquired. The parents should be asked if either strabismus and/or leukocoria have been observed. [4]
Symptoms
The most common finding of retinoblastoma is leukocoria which is an abnormal appearance of the retina as viewed through the pupil, also known as amaurotic cat's eye reflex.[1][2] Some children with retinoblastoma can develop a strabismus, nystagmus, red eye and squint which is commonly referred to as "cross-eyed" or "wall-eyed" (strabismus). Emergency referral to an Opthalmologist is warranted when a child presents with Leukocoria or Strabismus.[5]
Less common symptoms of retinoblastoma include:[3]
- Deterioration of vision
- Proptosis
- Eye pain
- Squint
- Fever
- Symptoms of glaucoma which include:
- Severe headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Blurred vision
- Halos around lights
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Abramson DH, Beaverson K, Sangani P, Vora RA, Lee TC, Hochberg HM; et al. (2003). "Screening for retinoblastoma: presenting signs as prognosticators of patient and ocular survival". Pediatrics. 112 (6 Pt 1): 1248–55. PMID 14654593.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Abramson DH, Ellsworth RM, Grumbach N, Sturgis-Buckhout L, Haik BG (1986). "Retinoblastoma: correlation between age at diagnosis and survival". J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 23 (4): 174–7. PMID 3746592.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Retinoblastoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoblastoma Accessed on October 10 2015
- ↑ Retinoblastoma. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/retinoblastoma/diagnosis/?region=onAccessed on October 10 2015
- ↑ Retinoblastoma. National Cancer Institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/hp/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq#link/_718_toc Accessed on October 10 2015
- ↑ Image courtesy of Dr. Frank Gaillard Radiopaedia (original file [1]).[http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC