Glucagonoma natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

If left untreated, patients with glucagonoma may progress to develop necrolytic migratory erythema, cheilosis, stomatitis, diarrhea, polyuria, and polydipsia. The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with glucagonoma. The 10 year event free survival rate is less than 51.6% with metastasis and 64.3% without metastasis.

Natural History

• If left untreated, patients with glucagonoma may progress to develop necrolytic migratory erythema, cheilosis, stomatitis, diarrhea, polyuria, and polydipsia.
• They have a very slow growth rate compared to most malignant tumors.

Prognosis

For approximately 60% of these tumors are cancerous, the prognosis of glucagonoma depends on the following:

• Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery.
• The stage of the tumor, the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the pancreas.
• The patient’s general health.
• Whether the tumor has just been diagnosed or has recurred.
• The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with glucagonoma. The 10 year event free survival rate is less than 51.6% with metastasis and 64.3% without metastasis.