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| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| [[Category:Types of cancer]] | | [[Category:Types of cancer]] |
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| ==Overview==
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| A '''cystic nephroma''', also known as '''multilocular cystic nephroma''', '''mixed epithelial stromal tumour (MEST)''' and '''renal epithelial stromal tumour (REST)''',<ref name=pmid17414095>{{cite journal |vauthors=Turbiner J, Amin MB, Humphrey PA, etal |title=Cystic nephroma and mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of kidney: a detailed clinicopathologic analysis of 34 cases and proposal for renal epithelial and stromal tumor (REST) as a unifying term |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=489–500 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17414095 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e31802bdd56 |url=}}</ref> is a type of rare [[benign tumor|benign]] [[kidney tumour]].
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| ==Symptoms==
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| Cystic nephromas are often asymptomatic. They are typically discovered on [[medical imaging]] incidentally (i.e. an [[incidentaloma]]).
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| Cystic nephromas are diagnosed by [[biopsy]] or excision. It is important to correctly diagnose them as, radiologically, they may mimic the appearance of a [[renal cell carcinoma]] that is cystic.<ref>Small JE et al. Cystic Nephroma. BrighamRAD Teaching Case Database. URL: [http://brighamrad.harvard.edu/Cases/bwh/hcache/385/full.html http://brighamrad.harvard.edu/Cases/bwh/hcache/385/full.html]. Accessed: July 25, 2009.</ref>
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| ===Pathologic diagnosis===
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| [[Image:Cystic nephroma high mag.jpg|thumb|right|250px|High magnification micrograph of a '''cystic nephroma''' showing the characteristic [[simple epithelium]] with hobnail morphology, and the [[ovary|ovarian]]-like [[stroma of ovary|stroma]]. [[H&E stain]].]]
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| The characteristics of cystic nephromas are:
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| *[[Cyst]]s lined by a simple epithelium with a ''hobnail morphology'', i.e. the nuclei of the cyst lining epithelium bulges into the lumen of the cysts,
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| *[[w:ovary|Ovarian]]-like [[stroma (animal tissue)|stroma]] that has a:
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| **[[w:spindle cell|Spindle cell]] morphology, and has a
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| **Basophilic [[w:cytoplasm|cytoplasm]].
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| Cystic nephromas have an immunostaining pattern like ovarian stroma; they are positive for:
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| *[[w:Estrogen receptor|Estrogen receptor (ER)]],
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| *[[w:Progesterone receptor|Progesterone receptor (PR)]] and
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| *[[w:CD10|CD10]].
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| ===Differential diagnosis===
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| *[[cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma]]
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| *cystic standard nephroblastoma (cystic [[Wilm's tumor]])
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| *cystic [[mesoblastic nephroma]]
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| *cystic [[renal cell carcinoma]]
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| *other [[renal cyst]]s
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| ==References== | | ==References== |