Hepatic hemangioma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
Nawal Muazam (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Nawal Muazam (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
==Pathogenesis== | ==Pathogenesis== | ||
*The pathogenesis of hemangiomas has not been elucidated, but there are two competing theories. | |||
===First theory=== | |||
The first theory supports the notion that there is overexpression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and metalloproteinases as well as downregulation of some inhibitors of angiogenesis, such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-I. | |||
===Second theory=== | |||
The second theory is that the presence of liver hemangiomas involves a genetic background of mutations [7–9]. Zhang et al. presumed that metalloproteinases accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum of the tumor cells, causing self-digestion and vacuole formation [10]. Additionally, Hu et al. showed the cavernous hemangioma cell to downregulate Derlin-1, a protein that when overexpressed induces the dilated endoplasmic reticulum to return to its normal size | |||
*They arise from the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels and consists of multiple, large vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells and supported by collagenous walls. | *They arise from the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels and consists of multiple, large vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells and supported by collagenous walls. | ||
==Associated Conditions== | ==Associated Conditions== | ||
Hepatic hemangioma may be associated with:<ref name=radiopeadia>Associations of hepatic hemangioma. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hepatic-haemangioma-3. Accessed on November 7, 2015</ref> | Hepatic hemangioma may be associated with:<ref name=radiopeadia>Associations of hepatic hemangioma. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hepatic-haemangioma-3. Accessed on November 7, 2015</ref> | ||
| Line 16: | Line 20: | ||
*[[Hemolytic anemia]] | *[[Hemolytic anemia]] | ||
*Consumptive coagulopathy | *Consumptive coagulopathy | ||
*[[focal nodular hyperplasia]] | |||
==Gross Pathology== | ==Gross Pathology== | ||
On gross pathology, variable in size, well circumscribed, classically subcapsular are characteristic findings of hepatic hemangioma.<ref name=Librepthology>Gross pathology of hepatic hemangioma. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Hemangioma_of_the_liver. Accessed on October 20, 2015</ref> | On gross pathology, variable in size, well circumscribed, classically subcapsular are characteristic findings of hepatic hemangioma.<ref name=Librepthology>Gross pathology of hepatic hemangioma. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Hemangioma_of_the_liver. Accessed on October 20, 2015</ref> | ||
Revision as of 20:05, 7 November 2015
|
Hepatic hemangioma Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hepatic hemangioma pathophysiology On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hepatic hemangioma pathophysiology |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatic hemangioma pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]
Overview
They arise from the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels and consists of multiple, large vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells and supported by collagenous walls.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- The pathogenesis of hemangiomas has not been elucidated, but there are two competing theories.
First theory
The first theory supports the notion that there is overexpression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and metalloproteinases as well as downregulation of some inhibitors of angiogenesis, such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-I.
Second theory
The second theory is that the presence of liver hemangiomas involves a genetic background of mutations [7–9]. Zhang et al. presumed that metalloproteinases accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum of the tumor cells, causing self-digestion and vacuole formation [10]. Additionally, Hu et al. showed the cavernous hemangioma cell to downregulate Derlin-1, a protein that when overexpressed induces the dilated endoplasmic reticulum to return to its normal size
- They arise from the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels and consists of multiple, large vascular channels lined by a single layer of endothelial cells and supported by collagenous walls.
Associated Conditions
Hepatic hemangioma may be associated with:[1]
- Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease)
- Hepatic arterio-portal shunts
- Extra hepatic hemangiomata
- Hemolytic anemia
- Consumptive coagulopathy
- focal nodular hyperplasia
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, variable in size, well circumscribed, classically subcapsular are characteristic findings of hepatic hemangioma.[2]
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis channels lined by benign endothelium containing RBCs, surrounding (non-endothelial) cells without significant atypia are characteristic findings of hepatic hemangioma.[3]
Gallery
-
![Intermediate magnification micrograph of a cavernous hemangioma of the liver, also hepatic cavernous hemangioma, liver hemangioma,cavernous liver hemangioma. H&E stain. No liver tissue is observed.[3]](/images/3/31/Cavernous_liver_hemangioma_-_intermed_mag.jpg)
Intermediate magnification micrograph of a cavernous hemangioma of the liver, also hepatic cavernous hemangioma, liver hemangioma,cavernous liver hemangioma. H&E stain. No liver tissue is observed.[3]
-
![High magnification micrograph of a cavernous hemangioma of the liver, also hepatic cavernous hemangioma, liver hemangioma,cavernous liver hemangioma. H&E stain. No liver tissue is observed.[3]](/images/a/a6/Cavernous_liver_hemangioma_high_magnification.jpg)
High magnification micrograph of a cavernous hemangioma of the liver, also hepatic cavernous hemangioma, liver hemangioma,cavernous liver hemangioma. H&E stain. No liver tissue is observed.[3]
![Intermediate magnification micrograph of a cavernous hemangioma of the liver, also hepatic cavernous hemangioma, liver hemangioma,cavernous liver hemangioma. H&E stain. No liver tissue is observed.[3]](/index.php/File:Cavernous_liver_hemangioma_-_intermed_mag.jpg)
![High magnification micrograph of a cavernous hemangioma of the liver, also hepatic cavernous hemangioma, liver hemangioma,cavernous liver hemangioma. H&E stain. No liver tissue is observed.[3]](/index.php/File:Cavernous_liver_hemangioma_high_magnification.jpg)
References
- ↑ Associations of hepatic hemangioma. Dr Yuranga Weerakkody et al. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hepatic-haemangioma-3. Accessed on November 7, 2015
- ↑ Gross pathology of hepatic hemangioma. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Hemangioma_of_the_liver. Accessed on October 20, 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Microscopic features of hepatic hemangioma. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Hemangioma_of_the_liver. Accessed on October 20, 2015