Waldenström's macroglobulinemia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 20:07, 10 November 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]

Overview

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History

Most patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia are initially asymptomatic. If left untreated, most of the patients will develop symptomatic Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Complication

Common complications

Amyloidosis of the heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and joints^[1]
Heart failure
Diarrhea and malabsorption due to gastrointestinal involvement
Bleeding manifestations due to dysfunction of platelet, coagulation factor, and fibrinogen
Raynaud phenomenon due to cryoglobulinemia

Rare complications

Richter's transformation also Known as Large Cell Transformation^[2]
Bing-Neel Syndrome - Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Prognosis

Patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia survive for a median of approximately 78 months.^[3]

Good prognostic factor

Nodular type of bone marrow involvement

Poor prognostic factor

Age older than 65 years
Hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL
Albumin level less than 4.0 g/dL
Elevated beta-2-microglobulin level

References

↑ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Medscape (2015)http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207097-overview#a3 Accessed on November 10, 2015
↑ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. International Waldenström's macroglobulinemia Foundation (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September 25, 2015
↑ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Medscape (2015)http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207097-overview#a7 Accessed on November 10, 2015

Template:WH Template:WS

[COMP-1] Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Medscape (2015)http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207097-overview#a3 Accessed on November 10, 2015

[iwmf-2] Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. International Waldenström's macroglobulinemia Foundation (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September 25, 2015

[Prog-3] Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Medscape (2015)http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207097-overview#a7 Accessed on November 10, 2015

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ===Complication===
-*Common complications of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia include:
+=====Common complications=====
+:*Amyloidosis of the heart, kidney, liver, lungs, and joints<ref name="COMP">Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Medscape (2015)http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207097-overview#a3 Accessed on November 10, 2015</ref>
+:*Heart failure
+:*Diarrhea and malabsorption due to gastrointestinal involvement
+:*Bleeding manifestations due to dysfunction of platelet, coagulation factor, and fibrinogen
+:*Raynaud phenomenon due to cryoglobulinemia
-:*Late complications:
+=====Rare complications=====
-::*Richter's transformation also Known as Large Cell Transformation<ref name="iwmf">Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. International Waldenström's macroglobulinemia Foundation (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September 25, 2015</ref>
+:*Richter's transformation also Known as Large Cell Transformation<ref name="iwmf">Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. International Waldenström's macroglobulinemia Foundation (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulloblastoma Accessed on September 25, 2015</ref>
+:*Bing-Neel Syndrome - Central Nervous System Lymphoma
+===Prognosis===
+Patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia survive for a median of approximately 78 months.<ref name="Prog">Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Medscape (2015)http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207097-overview#a7 Accessed on November 10, 2015</ref>
+=====Good prognostic factor=====
+:*Nodular type of bone marrow involvement
+=====Poor prognostic factor=====
+:*Age older than 65 years
+:*Hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL
+:*Albumin level less than 4.0 g/dL
+:*Elevated beta-2-microglobulin level
-::*Bing-Neel Syndrome - Central Nervous System Lymphoma
-Current medical treatments result in survival some longer than 10 years. In part this is because better diagnostic testing means early diagnosis and treatments. Older diagnosis and treatments resulted in published reports of median survival of approximately 5 years from time of diagnosis.<ref name="Cheson"> </ref> New treatments have made longer term survival a reality for many with this condition. In rare instances, WM progresses to [[multiple myeloma]].<ref name="Johansson">{{cite journal | author=Johansson B, Waldenstrom J, Hasselblom S, Mitelman F | title=Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with the AML/MDS-associated t(1;3)(p36;q21) | journal=Leukemia | year=1995 | pages=1136-8 | volume=9 | issue=7  | id=PMID 7630185}}</ref>
 ==References==