Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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| Dysgerminoma|| | | Dysgerminoma|| | ||
* | * They present with a smooth, bosselated (knobby) external surface, and is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan when cut | ||
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|Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors|| | |Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors|| | ||
* Mean 15 cm | * Mean 15 cm, smooth and glistening external surface, cystic cut surface with hemorrhage and necrosis | ||
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| Embryonal Carcinoma|| | | Embryonal Carcinoma|| | ||
* A poorly defined, pale grey tumor | * * A poorly defined, pale grey tumor with associated [[haemorrhage]] and [[necrosis]].<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book|last=Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell|title=Basic Pathology|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-81-312-1036-9|pages=696–697}}</ref> | ||
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| Teratoma|| | | Teratoma|| | ||
* Rarely produce tumor markers- AFP and CA-125 | |||
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| Choriocarcinoma|| | | Choriocarcinoma|| | ||
* | * HCG | ||
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==Microscopic Pathology== | |||
{| {{table}} | |||
| align="center" style="background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|''' Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype'''}} | |||
| align="center" style="background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Features on Histopathological Microscopic Analysis'''}} | |||
| align="center" style="background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Image'''}} | |||
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| Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva|| | |||
* Eosinophilia | |||
* Extra large nuclei/bizarre nuclei | |||
* Inflammation (lymphocytes, plasma cells) | |||
* Long rete ridges | |||
* Numerous beeds/blobs of epithelial cells that seem unlikely to be rete ridges | |||
| [[File:Scc.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva]] | |||
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|Basal cell carcinoma of vulva|| | |||
* Basaloid cells - similar in appearance to basal cells | |||
* Moderate blue/grey cytoplasm. | |||
* Dark ovoid/ellipsoid nucleus with uniform chromatin | |||
* Palisading of cells at the edge of the cell nests | |||
* Artefactual separation of cells (forming the nests) from the underlying stroma - key feature | |||
* Surrounded by blue (myxoid) stroma - key feature | |||
| [[File:BCC.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Basal cell carcinoma of vulva]] | |||
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| Vulvar melanoma|| | |||
* Presence of intraepidermal lateral spread (most characteristic feature) | |||
* Dermal invasion | |||
* Desmoplasia | |||
* Epidermal hyperplasia | |||
*Appearance of epithelioid cells with occasional spindle cells | |||
| [[File:Melanoma.JPG |thumb|none|300px| Vulvar melanoma]] | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:32, 13 November 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
Dysgerminomas
- On gross examination,
- dysgerminomas present with a smooth, bosselated (knobby) external surface, and is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan when cut.
- Microscopic examination
- typically reveals uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells. Typically, thestroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas.
EST can have a multitude of morphologic patterns including: reticular, endodermal sinus-like, microcystic, papillary, solid, glandular, alveolar, polyvesicular vitelline, enteric and hepatoid. Schiller-Duval bodies on histology are pathognomonic and seen in the context of the endodermal sinus-like pattern.
The gross examination usually shows a two to three centimetre pale grey, poorly defined tumour with associated haemorrhage and necrosis.[1] The microscopic features include: indistinct cell borders, mitoses, a variable architecture (tubulopapillary, glandular, solid, embryoid bodies - ball of cells surrounded by empty space on three sides), nuclear overlap, and necrosis. Solid (55%), glandular (17%), and papillary (11%) are the most common primary patterns (predominant architectural pattern occupying at least 50%). Other less common primary patterns included nested (3%), micropapillary (2%), anastomosing glandular (1%), sieve-like glandular (<1%), pseudopapillary (<1%), and blastocyst-like (<1%).[2]
Gross Patholgy
| Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype | Features on Gross Pathology |
| Dysgerminoma |
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| Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors |
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| Embryonal Carcinoma |
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| Teratoma |
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| Choriocarcinoma |
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Microscopic Pathology
| Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype | Features on Histopathological Microscopic Analysis | Image |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva |
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| Basal cell carcinoma of vulva |
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| Vulvar melanoma |
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell (2010). Basic Pathology. Elsevier. pp. 696–697. ISBN 978-81-312-1036-9.
- ↑ Kao, C. S.; Ulbright, T. M.; Young, R. H.; Idrees, M. T. (2014). "Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma: A Morphologic Study of 180 Cases Highlighting Unusual and Unemphasized Aspects". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 38 (5): 1. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000171. PMID 24503753.