* dysgerminomas present with a smooth, bosselated (knobby) external surface, and is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan when cut.
* Microscopic examination
* typically reveals uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells. Typically, thestroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas.
EST can have a multitude of morphologic patterns including: reticular, endodermal sinus-like, microcystic, papillary, solid, glandular, alveolar, polyvesicular vitelline, enteric and hepatoid.
[[Schiller-Duval bodies]] on [[histology]] are [[pathognomonic]] and seen in the context of the endodermal sinus-like pattern.
The [[gross examination]] usually shows a two to three centimetre pale grey, poorly defined tumour with associated [[haemorrhage]] and [[necrosis]].<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book|last=Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell|title=Basic Pathology|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-81-312-1036-9|pages=696–697}}</ref>
The microscopic features include: indistinct cell borders, mitoses, a variable architecture (tubulopapillary, glandular, solid, embryoid bodies - ball of cells surrounded by empty space on three sides), nuclear overlap, and necrosis.
Solid (55%), glandular (17%), and papillary (11%) are the most common primary patterns (predominant architectural pattern occupying at least 50%). Other less common primary patterns included nested (3%), micropapillary (2%), anastomosing glandular (1%), sieve-like glandular (<1%), pseudopapillary (<1%), and blastocyst-like (<1%).<ref name="pmid24503753">{{Cite journal | pmid = 24503753| year = 2014| author1 = Kao| first1 = C. S.| title = Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma: A Morphologic Study of 180 Cases Highlighting Unusual and Unemphasized Aspects| journal = The American Journal of Surgical Pathology| pages = 1| last2 = Ulbright| first2 = T. M.| last3 = Young| first3 = R. H.| last4 = Idrees| first4 = M. T.| doi = 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000171 | volume=38 | issue=5}}</ref>
