Hemangioma overview: Difference between revisions
Nawal Muazam (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Nawal Muazam (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
Hemangioma may be classified according to International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies into six subtypes: Infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, tufted angioma, spindle-cell hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma.<ref name=hemangioma>Hemangioma. Dr Tim Luijkx and Dr Donna D'Souza et al. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/haemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref><ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref> | Hemangioma may be classified according to International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies into six subtypes: Infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, tufted angioma, spindle-cell hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma.<ref name=hemangioma>Hemangioma. Dr Tim Luijkx and Dr Donna D'Souza et al. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/haemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref><ref name="RichterFriedman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Gresham T.|last2=Friedman|first2=Adva B.|title=Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management|journal=International Journal of Pediatrics|volume=2012|year=2012|pages=1–10|issn=1687-9740|doi=10.1155/2012/645678}}</ref> | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Development of hemangioma is the result of genetic mutations, overexpression of angiogenic fators and downregulation of inhibitors of angiogenesis.<ref name="PapafragkakisMoehlen2011">{{cite journal|last1=Papafragkakis|first1=Haris|last2=Moehlen|first2=Martin|last3=Garcia-Buitrago|first3=Monica T.|last4=Madrazo|first4=Beatrice|last5=Island|first5=Eddie|last6=Martin|first6=Paul|title=A Case of a Ruptured Sclerosing Liver Hemangioma|journal=International Journal of Hepatology|volume=2011|year=2011|pages=1–5|issn=2090-3456|doi=10.4061/2011/942360}}</ref> Hemangioma may be associated with [[POEMS syndrome]] and [[Castleman disease]]. On gross pathology, spongy with vascular compartments of various sizes separated by fibrous tissue are findings of hemangioma.<ref name="PapafragkakisMoehlen2011">{{cite journal|last1=Papafragkakis|first1=Haris|last2=Moehlen|first2=Martin|last3=Garcia-Buitrago|first3=Monica T.|last4=Madrazo|first4=Beatrice|last5=Island|first5=Eddie|last6=Martin|first6=Paul|title=A Case of a Ruptured Sclerosing Liver Hemangioma|journal=International Journal of Hepatology|volume=2011|year=2011|pages=1–5|issn=2090-3456|doi=10.4061/2011/942360}}</ref> On microscopic histopathological analysis, channels lined by benign endothelium containing red blood cells are findings of hemangioma.<ref name=Librepathology>Microscopic features of hemangioma. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Hemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref> | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
There are no established causes for hemangioma.<ref name=epidemiology>Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#</ref> | There are no established causes for hemangioma.<ref name=epidemiology>Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:06, 17 November 2015
|
Hemangioma Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Hemangioma overview On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hemangioma overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
A hemangioma is an abnormal build up of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs.[1] It is also described as a congenital benign skin lesion consisting of dense, usually elevated masses of dilated blood vessels".[2] In most cases, hemangiomas will disappear over time. They are formed either during gestation or appear during the first few weeks of life and may present as a birthmark. Hemangiomas can be vivid superficial lesions, known as capillary hemangiomas (often referred to as "Strawberry Marks"), or they can be deep bluish swelling, known as cavernous hemangiomas. Sometimes they can be both superficial and deep. Approximately eighty percent are located on the face and neck, with the next most prevalent location being the liver. Although hemangiomas are benign, some serious complications can occur.
Historical Perspective
Hemangioma was first described by Dr. Robert Liston, a British surgeon, in 1843.[3]
Classification
Hemangioma may be classified according to International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies into six subtypes: Infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, tufted angioma, spindle-cell hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma.[4][5]
Pathophysiology
Development of hemangioma is the result of genetic mutations, overexpression of angiogenic fators and downregulation of inhibitors of angiogenesis.[6] Hemangioma may be associated with POEMS syndrome and Castleman disease. On gross pathology, spongy with vascular compartments of various sizes separated by fibrous tissue are findings of hemangioma.[6] On microscopic histopathological analysis, channels lined by benign endothelium containing red blood cells are findings of hemangioma.[7]
Causes
There are no established causes for hemangioma.[8]
Differentiating Hemangioma from other Diseases
Hemangioma must be differentiated from other diseases such as: Congenital hemangioma, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, tufted angioma, and nevus flammeus, and pyogenic granuloma.[9]
Epidemiology and Demographics
The prevalence of infantile hemangioma is estimated to be upto 10% in general population.[5] Hemangioma commonly affects infants.[8] Females are more commonly affected with hemangioma than males.[8]
Risk Factors
Screening
According to the United States Preventive Services Task Force, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for hemangioma.[10]
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
References
- ↑ "Hemangioma". Text " authro [Michael S. Lehrer, M.D., Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.]" ignored (help)
- ↑ The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary. "KMLE American Heritage Medical Dictionary definition of hemangioma".
- ↑ Liston R. Case of erectile tumour in the popliteal space.-Removal. Med Chir Trans. 1843;26:120-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2116921/pdf/medcht00056-0152.pdf
- ↑ Hemangioma. Dr Tim Luijkx and Dr Donna D'Souza et al. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/haemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Richter, Gresham T.; Friedman, Adva B. (2012). "Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations: Current Theory and Management". International Journal of Pediatrics. 2012: 1–10. doi:10.1155/2012/645678. ISSN 1687-9740.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Papafragkakis, Haris; Moehlen, Martin; Garcia-Buitrago, Monica T.; Madrazo, Beatrice; Island, Eddie; Martin, Paul (2011). "A Case of a Ruptured Sclerosing Liver Hemangioma". International Journal of Hepatology. 2011: 1–5. doi:10.4061/2011/942360. ISSN 2090-3456.
- ↑ Microscopic features of hemangioma. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Hemangioma. Accessed on November 12, 2015
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Zheng JW, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. A practical guide to treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2013;6(10):851-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3832322/?report=classic#
- ↑ Callahan, Alison B.; Yoon, Michael K. (2012). "Infantile hemangiomas: A review". Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology. 26 (3): 283–291. doi:10.1016/j.sjopt.2012.05.004. ISSN 1319-4534.
- ↑ Hemangioma. USPSTF. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/BrowseRec/Search?s=hemangioma