Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
Monalisa Dmello (talk | contribs)
CMEUser, nocaptcha
4,359 edits
Monalisa Dmello (talk | contribs)
CMEUser, nocaptcha
4,359 edits
Line 39: Line 39:
|-
|-
|''' Dysgerminomas'''||
|''' Dysgerminomas'''||
* Uniform cells with "fried egg apperance" (large cytoplasm and small nucleus) that resemble primordial germ cells <ref name= wqd> Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Uniform cells with "fried egg appearance" (large cytoplasm and small nucleus) that resemble primordial germ cells<ref name= wqd> Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* The stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas
* The stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas
| [[File:Dysgerminoma.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Micrograph a seminoma, a tumor that is histologically indistinguishable from dysgerminoma.]]
| [[File:Dysgerminoma.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Micrograph a seminoma, a tumor that is histologically indistinguishable from dysgerminoma.]]
Line 61: Line 61:
* Glandular
* Glandular
* Solid
* Solid
* Embryoid bodies - ball of cells in surrounded by empty space on three sides
* Embryoid bodies - ball of cells surrounded by empty space on three sides
* Mitoses common
* Mitoses common


Line 69: Line 69:
|'''Teratoma'''||
|'''Teratoma'''||
'''Mature teratoma'''
'''Mature teratoma'''
* The sections show ovarian parenchyma with a lesion consisting of benign dermal, gastrointestinal and neural elements <ref name= wpp>Mature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* The sections show ovarian parenchyma with a lesion consisting of benign dermal, gastrointestinal, and neural elements <ref name= wpp>Mature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* The neural elements show focal degenerative changes with macrophages, and giant cells  
* The neural elements show focal degenerative changes with macrophages and giant cells  
* Siderophages are present
* Siderophages are present
'''Immature teratoma'''
'''Immature teratoma'''
* Primitive neuroepithelium <ref name= wop>Immature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Primitive neuroepithelium<ref name= wop>Immature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) +ve
* Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) +ve
* Neuron-specific B tubulin +ve
* Neuron-specific B tubulin +ve

Revision as of 21:43, 30 November 2015

Ovarian germ cell tumor Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Differentiating Ovarian germ cell tumor from other Diseases

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology

CDC on Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology

Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Ovarian germ cell tumor

Risk calculators and risk factors for Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Overveiw

It is difficult to distinguish subtypes of ovarian germ cell tumor on gross pathology alone. The majority of ovarian germ cell tumors have a solid and cystic appearance with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. On microscopic pathology, ovarian germ cell tumors may be characterized by a uniform “fried egg” appearance (dysgerminoma), presence of Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor), presence of embryonic-like neural, gastrointestinal, and/or cartilaginous tissue (teratoma), or mixed histopathological features (embryonal cell carcinoma).

Gross Pathology

Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype Features on Gross Pathology
Dysgerminoma
  • External surface is smooth and bosselated (knobby)[1]
  • Soft, fleshy and either cream-colored, gray, pink or tan in color on cut surface
Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors
  • External surface is smooth and glistening[2]
  • Cut surface is cystic with hemorrhage and necrosis
Embryonal Carcinoma
Teratoma

Teratoma-mature

  • Solid or cystic[4]
  • Cystic content may contain greasy material composed of keratin, hair, and teeth
  • Teeth may be found in Rokitansky’s protuberance - a well-defined, nipple-like structure covered with hair

Teratoma-immature

  • Bulky, solid or cystic with necrosis, hemorrhage[5]

Microscopic Pathology

Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype Features on Histopathological Microscopic Analysis Image
Dysgerminomas
  • Uniform cells with "fried egg appearance" (large cytoplasm and small nucleus) that resemble primordial germ cells[1]
  • The stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas
Micrograph a seminoma, a tumor that is histologically indistinguishable from dysgerminoma.
Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors
  • Schiller-Duval bodies (resemble renal glomeruli) - key feature[6]
Micrograph showing the yolk sac component of a mixed germ cell tumor.


Embryonal carcinoma

Main features:[3]

  • Nuclear atypia
  • Nucleoli prominent
  • Necrosis common
  • Nuclei overlap

Additional features that are often mixed:

  • Variable architecture:
  • Tubulopapillary
  • Glandular
  • Solid
  • Embryoid bodies - ball of cells surrounded by empty space on three sides
  • Mitoses common
Embryonal carcinoma
Teratoma

Mature teratoma

  • The sections show ovarian parenchyma with a lesion consisting of benign dermal, gastrointestinal, and neural elements [7]
  • The neural elements show focal degenerative changes with macrophages and giant cells
  • Siderophages are present

Immature teratoma

  • Primitive neuroepithelium[8]
  • Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) +ve
  • Neuron-specific B tubulin +ve
  • Synaptophysin +ve
Teratoma

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  2. ↑ Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Yolk sac tumor. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumoryolksac.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell (2010). Basic Pathology. Elsevier. pp. 696–697. ISBN 978-81-312-1036-9.
  4. ↑ Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-maturehttp://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomamature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  5. ↑ Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-immature. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomaimmature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  6. ↑ Endodermal sinus tumor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodermal_sinus_tumor. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  7. ↑ Mature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  8. ↑ Immature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015

Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Ovarian_germ_cell_tumor_pathophysiology&oldid=1191042"