Pineal choriocarcinoma: Difference between revisions
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*Pineal choriocarcinoma is a relatively rare, malignant, highly vascular neoplasm and accounts for a small proportion of all intracranial germ cell tumors. It is an aggressive tumor and has a propensity to metastasise systemically. Pure pineal choriocarcinoma tumors secrete [[Human chorionic gonadotropin|β-HCG]].<ref name=overviewpc1>Intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref> | *Pineal choriocarcinoma is a relatively rare, malignant, highly vascular neoplasm and accounts for a small proportion of all intracranial germ cell tumors. It is an aggressive tumor and has a propensity to metastasise systemically. Pure pineal choriocarcinoma tumors secrete [[Human chorionic gonadotropin|β-HCG]].<ref name=overviewpc1>Intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref> | ||
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, pineal choriocarcinoma is characterized by presence of intimately related [[syncytiotrophoblast|syncytiotrophoblasts]] and [[cytotrophoblast|cytotrophoblasts]] without formation of definite placental type villi. [[syncytiotrophoblast|Syncytiotrophoblasts]] are large multi-nucleated cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. They often surround the [[cytotrophoblast|cytotrophoblasts]], reminiscent of their normal anatomical relationship in [[chorionic villi]]. [[cytotrophoblast|Cytotrophoblasts]] are polyhedral, mononuclear cells with hyperchromatic [[nuclei]] and a clear or pale [[cytoplasm]].<ref name=histo1pc>Pathology of choriocarcinoma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref> | *On microscopic histopathological analysis, pineal choriocarcinoma is characterized by presence of intimately related [[syncytiotrophoblast|syncytiotrophoblasts]] and [[cytotrophoblast|cytotrophoblasts]] without formation of definite placental type villi. [[syncytiotrophoblast|Syncytiotrophoblasts]] are large multi-nucleated cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. They often surround the [[cytotrophoblast|cytotrophoblasts]], reminiscent of their normal anatomical relationship in [[chorionic villi]]. [[cytotrophoblast|Cytotrophoblasts]] are polyhedral, mononuclear cells with hyperchromatic [[nuclei]] and a clear or pale [[cytoplasm]].<ref name=histo1pc>Pathology of choriocarcinoma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref> | ||
*Pineal choriocarcinoma accounts for 5% of all pineal masses | *Pineal choriocarcinoma accounts for 5% of all pineal masses.<ref name=overviewpc1>Intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref> | ||
*The peak age at diagnosis for pineal choriocarcinoma is 20-30 years. | *The peak age at diagnosis for pineal choriocarcinoma is 20-30 years. | ||
*Common complications of pineal choriocarcinoma include:<ref name="pmid3840234">{{cite journal| author=Kida Y, Banno M, Kanzaki M, Kobayashi T, Kageyama N| title=[Pineal choriocarcinoma presenting massive ventricular hemorrhage--a case report]. | journal=No Shinkei Geka | year= 1985 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 641-5 | pmid=3840234 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/istopatcite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3840234 }} </ref><ref name=complicationpc1>Radiographic features of intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref> | *Common complications of pineal choriocarcinoma include:<ref name="pmid3840234">{{cite journal| author=Kida Y, Banno M, Kanzaki M, Kobayashi T, Kageyama N| title=[Pineal choriocarcinoma presenting massive ventricular hemorrhage--a case report]. | journal=No Shinkei Geka | year= 1985 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 641-5 | pmid=3840234 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/istopatcite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3840234 }} </ref><ref name=complicationpc1>Radiographic features of intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref> | ||
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*On brain MRI, pineal choriocarcinoma is characterized by hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and signal drop-out and blooming on T2* sequences.<ref name=mripc1>MRI brain radiographic features of intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> | *On brain MRI, pineal choriocarcinoma is characterized by hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and signal drop-out and blooming on T2* sequences.<ref name=mripc1>MRI brain radiographic features of intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> | ||
*[[Biopsy]] is generally done to confirm the diagnosis of pineal choriocarcinoma. | *[[Biopsy]] is generally done to confirm the diagnosis of pineal choriocarcinoma. | ||
* | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:28, 8 December 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Pineal embryonal cell carcinoma; Pineal gland tumor; Brain tumor
Overview
- Pineal choriocarcinoma is a relatively rare, malignant, highly vascular neoplasm and accounts for a small proportion of all intracranial germ cell tumors. It is an aggressive tumor and has a propensity to metastasise systemically. Pure pineal choriocarcinoma tumors secrete β-HCG.[1]
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, pineal choriocarcinoma is characterized by presence of intimately related syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts without formation of definite placental type villi. Syncytiotrophoblasts are large multi-nucleated cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. They often surround the cytotrophoblasts, reminiscent of their normal anatomical relationship in chorionic villi. Cytotrophoblasts are polyhedral, mononuclear cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and a clear or pale cytoplasm.[2]
- Pineal choriocarcinoma accounts for 5% of all pineal masses.[1]
- The peak age at diagnosis for pineal choriocarcinoma is 20-30 years.
- Common complications of pineal choriocarcinoma include:[3][4]
- CSF metastasis
- Intraventricular hemorrhage
- Coma
- Systemic metastasis
- The clinical presentation of pineal choriocarcinoma is mainly from the obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to compression of the tectum of the midbrain and obstruction of the aqueduct. Symptoms of pineal choriocarcinoma include headache, vomiting, ptosis, and weakness.[5]
- Compression of the superior colliculi can lead to a characteristic gaze palsy, known as Parinaud syndrome.
- Common physical examination findings of pineal choriocarcinoma include papilledema, signs of precocious puberty, restricted extraocular movements, sluggish pupillary light reflex, stiff neck, hemiparesis, and abducent nerve palsy.[5]
- Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of pineal choriocarcinoma include abnormal CSF analysis, demonstrating xanthochromia.[5]
- Head CT scan and brain MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of pineal choriocarcinoma.
- On head CT scan, pineal choriocarcinoma is characterized by a round, calcified, homogeneous, enhancing mass in the third ventricle associated with the dilation of the lateral and third ventricles and periventricular lucency.[5]
- On brain MRI, pineal choriocarcinoma is characterized by hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and signal drop-out and blooming on T2* sequences.[6]
- Biopsy is generally done to confirm the diagnosis of pineal choriocarcinoma.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015
- ↑ Pathology of choriocarcinoma. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015
- ↑ Kida Y, Banno M, Kanzaki M, Kobayashi T, Kageyama N (1985). "[Pineal choriocarcinoma presenting massive ventricular hemorrhage--a case report]". No Shinkei Geka. 13 (6): 641–5. PMID 3840234.
- ↑ Radiographic features of intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 7, 2015
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Fujii, Toru; Itakura, Toru; Hayashi, Seiji; Komai, Norihiko; Nakamine, Hirokazu; Saito, Koji (1981). "Primary pineal choriocarcinoma with hemorrhage monitored by computerized tomography". Journal of Neurosurgery. 55 (3): 484–487. doi:10.3171/jns.1981.55.3.0484. ISSN 0022-3085.
- ↑ MRI brain radiographic features of intracranial choriocarcinoma. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-choriocarcinoma. Accessed on December 8, 2015