Myelodysplastic syndrome overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The '''myelodysplastic syndromes''' was first described in 1900 by Leube.<ref name="Nimer2008">{{cite journal|last1=Nimer|first1=S. D.|title=Myelodysplastic syndromes|journal=Blood|volume=111|issue=10|year=2008|pages=4841–4851|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2007-08-078139}}</ref> Myelodysplastic syndromes may be classified into several subtypes based on [[French-American-British classification|French-American-British (FAB) classification]] and [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) classification method.<ref name=radiopaedia>Classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/myelodysplastic-syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=cancergov2>Pathologic systems of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq/#link/_204_toc. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=wikipedia>French-American-British (FAB) classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=wikiWHO>World Health Organization classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> | The '''myelodysplastic syndromes''' was first described in 1900 by Leube.<ref name="Nimer2008">{{cite journal|last1=Nimer|first1=S. D.|title=Myelodysplastic syndromes|journal=Blood|volume=111|issue=10|year=2008|pages=4841–4851|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2007-08-078139}}</ref> Myelodysplastic syndromes may be classified into several subtypes based on [[French-American-British classification|French-American-British (FAB) classification]] and [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) classification method.<ref name=radiopaedia>Classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/myelodysplastic-syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=cancergov2>Pathologic systems of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq/#link/_204_toc. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=wikipedia>French-American-British (FAB) classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=wikiWHO>World Health Organization classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> Cytogenetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome include isolated deletion of 5q, monosomy 7, and monosomy 8.<ref name=Librepathology2>Cytogenetics of myelodysplastic syndromes. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndromes. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> Myelodysplastic syndrome is associated with [[Fanconi syndrome]], [[Diamond-Blackfan syndrome|Diamond-Blackfan anemia]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]].<ref name=Librepathology1>Associations of myelodysplastic syndromes. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndromes. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> There are no characteristic findings of myelodysplastic syndrome on gross pathology. On microscopic histopathological analysis, [[dyserythropoiesis]], dysgranulopoiesis, and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis are findings of myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=Librepathology2>Histologic features of myelodysplastic syndromes. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndromes. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
Myelodysplastic syndrome was first described in 1900 by Leube.<ref name="Nimer2008">{{cite journal|last1=Nimer|first1=S. D.|title=Myelodysplastic syndromes|journal=Blood|volume=111|issue=10|year=2008|pages=4841–4851|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2007-08-078139}}</ref> | Myelodysplastic syndrome was first described in 1900 by Leube.<ref name="Nimer2008">{{cite journal|last1=Nimer|first1=S. D.|title=Myelodysplastic syndromes|journal=Blood|volume=111|issue=10|year=2008|pages=4841–4851|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2007-08-078139}}</ref> | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Myelodysplastic syndrome may be classified into several subtypes based on [[French-American-British classification|French-American-British (FAB) classification]] and [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) classification method.<ref name=radiopaedia>Classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/myelodysplastic-syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=cancergov2>Pathologic systems of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq/#link/_204_toc. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=wikipedia>French-American-British (FAB) classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=wikiWHO>World Health Organization classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> | Myelodysplastic syndrome may be classified into several subtypes based on [[French-American-British classification|French-American-British (FAB) classification]] and [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) classification method.<ref name=radiopaedia>Classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/myelodysplastic-syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=cancergov2>Pathologic systems of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq/#link/_204_toc. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=wikipedia>French-American-British (FAB) classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015</ref><ref name=wikiWHO>World Health Organization classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Cytogenetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome include isolated deletion of 5q, monosomy 7, and monosomy 8.<ref name=Librepathology2>Cytogenetics of myelodysplastic syndromes. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndromes. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> Myelodysplastic syndrome is associated with [[Fanconi syndrome]], [[Diamond-Blackfan syndrome|Diamond-Blackfan anemia]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]].<ref name=Librepathology1>Associations of myelodysplastic syndromes. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndromes. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> There are no characteristic findings of myelodysplastic syndrome on gross pathology. On microscopic histopathological analysis, [[dyserythropoiesis]], dysgranulopoiesis, and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis are findings of myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=Librepathology2>Histologic features of myelodysplastic syndromes. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndromes. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref> | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
==Differentiating Myelodysplastic syndrome from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Myelodysplastic syndrome from other Diseases== | ||
Revision as of 22:59, 13 December 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]
Overview
The myelodysplastic syndromes was first described in 1900 by Leube.[1] Myelodysplastic syndromes may be classified into several subtypes based on French-American-British (FAB) classification and World Health Organization (WHO) classification method.[2][3][4][5] Cytogenetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome include isolated deletion of 5q, monosomy 7, and monosomy 8.[6] Myelodysplastic syndrome is associated with Fanconi syndrome, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.[7] There are no characteristic findings of myelodysplastic syndrome on gross pathology. On microscopic histopathological analysis, dyserythropoiesis, dysgranulopoiesis, and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis are findings of myelodysplastic syndrome.[6]
Historical Perspective
Myelodysplastic syndrome was first described in 1900 by Leube.[1]
Classification
Myelodysplastic syndrome may be classified into several subtypes based on French-American-British (FAB) classification and World Health Organization (WHO) classification method.[2][3][4][5]
Pathophysiology
Cytogenetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome include isolated deletion of 5q, monosomy 7, and monosomy 8.[6] Myelodysplastic syndrome is associated with Fanconi syndrome, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.[7] There are no characteristic findings of myelodysplastic syndrome on gross pathology. On microscopic histopathological analysis, dyserythropoiesis, dysgranulopoiesis, and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis are findings of myelodysplastic syndrome.[6]
Causes
Differentiating Myelodysplastic syndrome from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
The incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome is approximately 4.4 to 4.6 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[8] Myelodysplastic syndrome commonly affects older patients.[8] Males are more commonly affected with myelodysplastic syndrome than females.[8] Myelodysplastic syndrome usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race.[8]
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and symptoms
Symptoms of myelodysplastic syndrome include bleeding, easy bruising, and fatigue.[8]
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nimer, S. D. (2008). "Myelodysplastic syndromes". Blood. 111 (10): 4841–4851. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-08-078139. ISSN 0006-4971.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Radiopaedia (2015). http://radiopaedia.org/articles/myelodysplastic-syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pathologic systems of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq/#link/_204_toc. Accessed on December 7, 2015
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 French-American-British (FAB) classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 7, 2015
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 World Health Organization classification of myelodysplastic syndrome. Wikipedia (2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelodysplastic_syndrome. Accessed on December 8, 2015
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Cytogenetics of myelodysplastic syndromes. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndromes. Accessed on December 8, 2015
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Associations of myelodysplastic syndromes. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndromes. Accessed on December 8, 2015
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Incidence and mortality of myelodysplastic syndromes. National Cancer Institute 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq#link/_291_toc. Accessed on December 3, 2015