Sandbox: maria2

Cardiology

Mnemonic	Phrase	Description
Aortic regurgitation: causes	CREAM	Congenital Rheumatic damage Endocarditis Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation Marfan’s
Aortic stenosis characteristics	SAD	Syncope Angina Dyspnea
Aorta vs. vena cava: right vs. left	Aorta=Right Vena Cava=Left	Aorta and right each have 5 letters, so aorta is on the right Vena and cava and left each have 4 letters, so vena cava is on the left
Aortic to left Subclavian path	ABC'S	Aortic arch gives rise to: Brachiocephalic trunk left Common Carotid left Subclavian
Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable	HILT	Heaving Impalpable Laterally displaced Thrusting/ Tapping If it's impalpable, causes are COPD: COPD Obesity Pleural, Pericardial effusion Dextrocardia
Atrial Fibrillation causes	PIRATES	Pulmonary: PE, COPD Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD Thyroid: hyperthyroid Endocarditis Sick sinus syndrome
Atrial fibrillation management	ABCD	Anti-cogulant Beta-block to control rate Cardiovert Digoxin
Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade)| style="text-align: center;"	3 D's	Distant heart sounds Distended jugular veins Decreased arterial pressure
Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers	Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium:	Betaxolol Acebutelol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol
CHF Treatment	LMNOP	Lasix Morphine Nitrites Oxygen VassoPressors
CHF: causes of exacerbation	FAILURE	Forgot medication Arrhythmia/ Anaemia Ischemia Infarction/ Infection Lifestyle: taken too much salt Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism Renal failure Embolism: pulmonary
Complications of Myocardial Infarction	Darth Vader	Death Arrythmia Rupture(free ventricular wall/ ventricular septum/ papillary muscles) Tamponade Heart failure (acute or chronic) Valve disease Aneurysm of Ventricles Dressler's Syndrome ThromboEmbolism (mural thrombus) Recurrence/ mitral Regurgitation
Coronary artery bypass graft: indications	DUST	Depressed ventricular function Unstable angina Stenosis of the left main stem Triple vessel disease
ECG: left vs. right bundle block	WiLLiaM MaRRoW	W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block
Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications	RAMP	Recent MI Aortic stenosis MI in the last 7 days Pulmonary hypertension
Heart valve sequence	Try Puling My Aorta	Tricuspid Pulmonary Mitral (bicuspid) Aorta
Infarctions	INFRACTIONS	IV access Narcotic analgesics (e.g. morphine, pethidine) Facilities for defibrillation (DF) Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin) Rest Converting enzyme inhibitor Thrombolysis IV beta blocker Oxygen 60% Nitrates Stool Softeners
JVP: wave form	ASK ME	Atrial contraction Systole (ventricular contraction) Klosure (closure) of tricusps, so atrial filling Maximal atrial filling Emptying of atrium
MI: basic management	BOOMAR	Bed rest Oxygen Opiate Monitor Anticoagulate Reduce clot size
MI: signs and symptoms	PULSE	Persistent chest pains Upset stomach Light headedness Shortness of breath Excessive sweating
MI: therapeutic treatment	O BATMAN!	Oxygen Beta-blocker ASA Thrombolytics (e.g. heparin) Morphine Ace PRN Nitroglycerin
MI: treatment of acute MI	COAG	Cyclomorph Oxygen Aspirin Glycerol trinitrate
Murmur attributes	IL PQRST	Intensity Location Pitch Quality Radiation Shape Timing
Murmurs: innocent murmur features	8 S's	Soft Systolic Short Sounds (S1 & S2) normal Symptomless Special tests normal (X-ray, EKG) Standing Sitting (vary with position) Sternal depression
Murmurs: louder with inspiration vs expiration	LEft = E Right = I	LEft sided murmurs louder with Expiration RIght sided murmurs louder with Inspiration.
Murmurs: questions to ask	SCRIPT	Site Character (e.g. harsh, soft, blowing) Radiation Intensity Pitch Timing
Murmurs: systolic vs. diastolic	PASS and PAID	PASS:Pulmonic & Aortic Stenosis=Systolic PAID: Pulmonic & Aortic Insufficiency=Diastolic.
Pericarditis: causes	CARDIAC RIND	Collagen vascular disease Aortic aneurysm Radiation Drugs (such as hydralazine) Infections Acute renal failure Cardiac infarction Rheumatic fever Injury Neoplasms Dressler's syndrome
Pericarditis: EKG	PericarditiS	PR depression in precordial leads. ST elevation
Peripheral vascular insufficiency: inspection criteria	SICVD	Symmetry of leg musculature Integrity of skin Color of toenails Varicose veins Distribution of hair
Pulseless electrical activity: causes	PATCH MED	Pulmonary embolus Acidosis Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Hypokalemia/ Hyperkalemia/ Hypoxia/ Hypothermia/ Hypovolemia Myocardial infarction Electrolyte derangements Drug
ST elevation causes in ECG	ELEVATION	Electrolytes LBBB Early repolarization Ventricular hypertrophy Aneurysm Treatment (e.g. pericardiocentesis) Injury (AMI, contusion) Osborne waves (hypothermia) Non-occlusive vasospasm
Supraventricular tachycardia: treatment	ABCDE	Adenosine Beta-blocker Calcium channel antagonist Digoxin Excitation (vagal stimulation)
Ventricular tachycardia: treatment	LAMB	Lidocaine Amiodarone Mexiltene/ Magnesium Beta-blocker