Myelodysplastic syndrome medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Chemotherapy is recommended among all patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | Chemotherapy is recommended among all patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
==Medical Therapy== | |||
==Medical | |||
*Treatment is based on the type of MDS and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for MDS is to:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | *Treatment is based on the type of MDS and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for MDS is to:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
**Relieve symptoms | **Relieve symptoms | ||
| Line 14: | Line 13: | ||
**Idarubicin | **Idarubicin | ||
**Topotecan | **Topotecan | ||
**Fludarabine | **Fludarabine | ||
* Other chemotherapeutic agents that may be used to treat MDS include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | * Other chemotherapeutic agents that may be used to treat MDS include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
**Daunorubucin | **Daunorubucin | ||
**Mitoxantrone | **Mitoxantrone | ||
===Supportive | ===Supportive Therapy=== | ||
*Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for MDS.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | *Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for MDS.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
====Transfusions==== | ====Transfusions==== | ||
*Patients with anemia may receive blood transfusions to correct the red blood cell counts. | *Patients with anemia may receive blood transfusions to correct the red blood cell counts. | ||
*Frequent blood transfusions can be complicated by a buildup of extra iron in the body, which is treated with drug therapy. | *Frequent blood transfusions can be complicated by a buildup of extra iron in the body, which is treated with drug therapy. | ||
*Patients with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions. | *Patients with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions. | ||
====Growth factors==== | ====Growth factors==== | ||
*Epoetin (erythropoietin) | *Epoetin (erythropoietin) | ||
:*Helps improve production of red blood cells | :*Helps improve production of red blood cells | ||
*Filgrastim | *Filgrastim | ||
:*Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) | :*Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) | ||
:*Helps improve production of white blood cells | :*Helps improve production of white blood cells | ||
*Pegfilgrastim | *Pegfilgrastim | ||
:*A long-acting G-CSF | :*A long-acting G-CSF | ||
====Supportive | ====Supportive Therapy==== | ||
*Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | *Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
*Deferoxamine | *Deferoxamine | ||
:*treats excess iron in the blood | :*treats excess iron in the blood | ||
:*sometimes given with Vitamin C. | :*sometimes given with Vitamin C. | ||
*Lenalidomide | *Lenalidomide | ||
:*decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change | :*decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change | ||
*Antithymocyte globulin | *Antithymocyte globulin | ||
:*decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of MDS | :*decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of MDS | ||
*Antibiotics | *Antibiotics | ||
:*help to prevent or treat infections | :*help to prevent or treat infections | ||
*Hypomethylating agents, such as 5-azacytidine or decitabine | *Hypomethylating agents, such as 5-azacytidine or decitabine | ||
:*stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die | :*stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|1}} | {{reflist|1}} | ||
Revision as of 15:27, 17 December 2015
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Myelodysplastic syndrome Microchapters |
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Differentiating Myelodysplastic syndrome from other Diseases |
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Myelodysplastic syndrome medical therapy On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Myelodysplastic syndrome medical therapy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]
Overview
Chemotherapy is recommended among all patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome.[1]
Medical Therapy
- Treatment is based on the type of MDS and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for MDS is to:[1]
- Relieve symptoms
- Slow or prevent progression of the disease
- Improve quality of life
Chemotherapy
- The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat MDS is cytarabine. Cytarabine may be combined with other pharmacological agents such as:[1]
- Idarubicin
- Topotecan
- Fludarabine
- Other chemotherapeutic agents that may be used to treat MDS include:[1]
- Daunorubucin
- Mitoxantrone
Supportive Therapy
- Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for MDS.[1]
Transfusions
- Patients with anemia may receive blood transfusions to correct the red blood cell counts.
- Frequent blood transfusions can be complicated by a buildup of extra iron in the body, which is treated with drug therapy.
- Patients with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions.
Growth factors
- Epoetin (erythropoietin)
- Helps improve production of red blood cells
- Filgrastim
- Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
- Helps improve production of white blood cells
- Pegfilgrastim
- A long-acting G-CSF
Supportive Therapy
- Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:[1]
- Deferoxamine
- treats excess iron in the blood
- sometimes given with Vitamin C.
- Lenalidomide
- decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change
- Antithymocyte globulin
- decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of MDS
- Antibiotics
- help to prevent or treat infections
- Hypomethylating agents, such as 5-azacytidine or decitabine
- stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die