Sandbox Danitza: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 6: Line 6:


=Overview=
=Overview=
Paracoccidioidomycosis (also known as Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease or Brazilian blastomycosis) is a mycosis caused by the fungus by the thermally dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Sometimes called South American blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis is caused by a different fungus than that which causes blastomycosis. It is very common mycotic infection in South and Central America. <ref> Paracoccidioidomycosis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accessed on January 12, 2015</ref>
Paracoccidioidomycosis (also known as Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease or Brazilian blastomycosis) is a mycosis caused by the fungus by the thermally dimorphic fungus: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Sometimes called South American blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis is caused by a different fungus than that which causes blastomycosis. It is very common mycotic infection in South and Central America. The habitat of the infectious agent is not known, but appears to be aquatic. In biopsies, the fungus appears as a polygemulating yeast with a pilot's wheel-like appearance. <ref> Paracoccidioidomycosis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accessed on January 12, 2015</ref>


=Historical Perspective=
=Historical Perspective=
Line 34: Line 34:


=Causes=
=Causes=
Inhalation of Paracoccidioides brasilensis conidia.


=Differentiating Paracoccidiodomycosis=
=Differentiating Paracoccidiodomycosis=
*Paracoccidioidomycosis acute form
**Lymphoma
**Leukemia
**Toxoplasmosis
**Sarcoidosis
*Paracoccidioidomycosis chronic form
**Tuberculosis
**Leishmaniasis
**Histoplasmosis
**Coccidioidomycosis
**Cryptococcosis
**Actinomycosis
**Esporotricosis
**Chromoblastomycosis
**Squamous cell carcinoma
**Wegener's granulomatosis


=Epidemiology and Demograpgics=
=Epidemiology and Demograpgics=
Paracoccidiodomycosis is an endemic disease that tends to affect agriculture workers in South and Central America. The countries with the greatest number of patients are: Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela,  with the greatest number of cases seen in Brazil. <ref name="pmid26635779">{{cite journal| author=de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva AC, Da Silva Jde F et al.| title=Paracoccidioides-host Interaction: An Overview on Recent Advances in the Paracoccidioidomycosis. | journal=Front Microbiol | year= 2015 | volume= 6 | issue=  | pages= 1319 | pmid=26635779 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2015.01319 | pmc=PMC4658449 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26635779  }} </ref> PMC disease affects men more commonly than women, but PMC infection can affect anyone. <ref name="pmid21738969">{{cite journal| author=Fortes MR, Miot HA, Kurokawa CS, Marques ME, Marques SA| title=Immunology of paracoccidioidomycosis. | journal=An Bras Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 86 | issue= 3 | pages= 516-24 | pmid=21738969 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21738969  }} </ref>
Paracoccidiodomycosis is an endemic disease that tends to affect agriculture workers in South and Central America. The countries with the greatest number of patients are: Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela,  with the greatest number of cases seen in Brazil. <ref name="pmid26635779">{{cite journal| author=de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva AC, Da Silva Jde F et al.| title=Paracoccidioides-host Interaction: An Overview on Recent Advances in the Paracoccidioidomycosis. | journal=Front Microbiol | year= 2015 | volume= 6 | issue=  | pages= 1319 | pmid=26635779 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2015.01319 | pmc=PMC4658449 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26635779  }} </ref> PMC disease affects men more commonly than women, but PMC infection can affect anyone. <ref name="pmid21738969">{{cite journal| author=Fortes MR, Miot HA, Kurokawa CS, Marques ME, Marques SA| title=Immunology of paracoccidioidomycosis. | journal=An Bras Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 86 | issue= 3 | pages= 516-24 | pmid=21738969 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21738969  }} </ref>


=Rick Factors=
=Rick Factors=

Revision as of 20:30, 12 January 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], {{ }} , Danitza Lukac


Synonyms and keywords: Paracoccidioidomycosis, South American blastomycosis, Brazilian blastomycosis, Paraccocidioidal granuloma, Lutz-Splendore-de-Almeida disease, Almeida disease

Overview

Paracoccidioidomycosis (also known as Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease or Brazilian blastomycosis) is a mycosis caused by the fungus by the thermally dimorphic fungus: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Sometimes called South American blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis is caused by a different fungus than that which causes blastomycosis. It is very common mycotic infection in South and Central America. The habitat of the infectious agent is not known, but appears to be aquatic. In biopsies, the fungus appears as a polygemulating yeast with a pilot's wheel-like appearance. [1]

Historical Perspective

Adolfo Lutz, a Brazilian physician, first discovered Paracoccidioides brasilensis in 1908. In 1912, another Brazilian physician, Luigi Splendore, described the fungus and changed its name to Zimonema brasiliense. At last, physician Floriano de Almeida in 1930 created the genre Paracoccidioides to accommodate the species, and stating its difference from paracocidioides immitis. [2]

Classification

  • Paracoccidioidomycosis infection
  • Paracoccidioidomycosis disease
    • Acute form
      • Moderate
      • Severe
    • Chronic form
      • Unifocal
        • Mild
        • Moderate
        • Severe
      • Multifocal
        • Mild
        • Moderate
        • Severe
  • Paracoccidioidomycosis associated with immunosupression
  • Residual form (sequela) [3]

Based on the duration of symptoms, paracoccidioidomycosis may be classified into acute, subacute or chronic.[4] The chronic form can be subclassified into: unifocal and multifocal.

Pathophysiology

Causes

Inhalation of Paracoccidioides brasilensis conidia.

Differentiating Paracoccidiodomycosis

  • Paracoccidioidomycosis acute form
    • Lymphoma
    • Leukemia
    • Toxoplasmosis
    • Sarcoidosis
  • Paracoccidioidomycosis chronic form
    • Tuberculosis
    • Leishmaniasis
    • Histoplasmosis
    • Coccidioidomycosis
    • Cryptococcosis
    • Actinomycosis
    • Esporotricosis
    • Chromoblastomycosis
    • Squamous cell carcinoma
    • Wegener's granulomatosis

Epidemiology and Demograpgics

Paracoccidiodomycosis is an endemic disease that tends to affect agriculture workers in South and Central America. The countries with the greatest number of patients are: Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela, with the greatest number of cases seen in Brazil. [4] PMC disease affects men more commonly than women, but PMC infection can affect anyone. [3]

Rick Factors

Common risk factors in the development of paracoccidioidomycosis are: "Poor hygiene, malnutrition, smoking, and alcohol consumption". [4]

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Children in endemic rural areas get infected but normally don't develop the disease until later. and then when they get older, they develop the disease. that's how it works

  1. ↑ Paracoccidioidomycosis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accessed on January 12, 2015
  2. ↑ Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioides_brasiliensis#cite_note-6. Accessed on January 12, 2015
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Fortes MR, Miot HA, Kurokawa CS, Marques ME, Marques SA (2011). "Immunology of paracoccidioidomycosis". An Bras Dermatol. 86 (3): 516–24. PMID 21738969.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva AC, Da Silva Jde F; et al. (2015). "Paracoccidioides-host Interaction: An Overview on Recent Advances in the Paracoccidioidomycosis". Front Microbiol. 6: 1319. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01319. PMC 4658449. PMID 26635779.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox_Danitza&oldid=1201617"