Babesiosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Babesia LifeCycle.gif|left|400px|thumb| Life cycle of ''B. microti'' <br> [http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/babesiosis/index.html <font size="-2">''Babesia Biology CDC''</font>]] | [[Image:Babesia LifeCycle.gif|left|400px|thumb| Life cycle of ''B. microti'' <br> [http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/babesiosis/index.html <font size="-2">''Babesia Biology CDC''</font>]] | ||
The ''Babesia microti'' life cycle involves two primary components, an infected vertebrate host (primarily the white-footed mouse "Peromyscus leucopus"), and a tick in the genus ''Ixodes''. <ref> CDC Babesiosis. Biology. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/biology.html Accessed December 21, 2016 </ref> | The ''Babesia microti'' life cycle involves two primary components, an infected vertebrate host (primarily the white-footed mouse "Peromyscus leucopus"), and a tick in the genus ''Ixodes''. <ref>CDC Babesiosis. Biology. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/biology.html Accessed December 21, 2016 </ref> | ||
Tick - Mouse Transmission: | |||
#During a blood meal, a ''Babesia''-infected tick introduces [[sporozoites]] into the mouse host. | |||
#Sporozoites enter [[erythrocytes]] and undergo [[asexual reproduction]] (budding). | #Sporozoites enter [[erythrocytes]] and undergo [[asexual reproduction]] (budding). | ||
#In the blood, some parasites differentiate into male and female [[gametes]], although these cannot be distinguished by light microscopy. | #In the blood, some parasites differentiate into male and female [[gametes]], although these cannot be distinguished by light microscopy. | ||
#The definitive host is the tick. | |||
#The definitive host is the tick. Once ingested by an appropriate tick, gametes unite and undergo a sporogonic cycle resulting in [[sporozoites]] (5). | #Once ingested by an appropriate tick, gametes unite and undergo a sporogonic cycle resulting in [[sporozoites]] (5). | ||
#Transovarial transmission (also known as vertical, or hereditary, transmission) has been documented for "large" ''Babesia'' spp. but not for the "small" babesiae, such as ''B. microti'' (A). | #Transovarial transmission (also known as vertical, or hereditary, transmission) has been documented for "large" ''Babesia'' spp. but not for the "small" babesiae, such as ''B. microti'' (A). | ||
#Humans enter the cycle when bitten by infected ticks. During a blood meal, a Babesia-infected [[tick]] introduces sporozoites into the human host. | #Humans enter the cycle when bitten by infected ticks. During a blood meal, a Babesia-infected [[tick]] introduces sporozoites into the human host. | ||
#Sporozoites enter erythrocytes (B) and undergo (budding). | #Sporozoites enter erythrocytes (B) and undergo (budding). | ||
#Multiplication of the blood-stage [[parasites]] is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. Humans are usually dead-end hosts. However, human-to-human transmission is well recognized to occur via contaminated [[blood transfusions]].<br> | |||
#Multiplication of the blood-stage [[parasites]] is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. Humans are usually dead-end hosts. However, human-to-human transmission is well recognized to occur via contaminated [[blood transfusions]]. | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:54, 14 January 2016
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Babesiosis Microchapters |
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Babesiosis pathophysiology On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Babesiosis pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tamar Sifri [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.
Overview
Babesia parasites reproduce in red blood cells, where they can be seen as cross-shaped inclusions (4 merozoites asexually budding but attached together forming a structure looking like a "Maltese Cross") and cause hemolytic anemia, quite similar to malaria. Note that unlike the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria, Babesia species lack an exo-erythrotic phase, so the liver is usually not affected.
Pathogenesis
[http://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/babesiosis/index.html Babesia Biology CDC
The Babesia microti life cycle involves two primary components, an infected vertebrate host (primarily the white-footed mouse "Peromyscus leucopus"), and a tick in the genus Ixodes. [1]
Tick - Mouse Transmission:
- During a blood meal, a Babesia-infected tick introduces sporozoites into the mouse host.
- Sporozoites enter erythrocytes and undergo asexual reproduction (budding).
- In the blood, some parasites differentiate into male and female gametes, although these cannot be distinguished by light microscopy.
- The definitive host is the tick.
- Once ingested by an appropriate tick, gametes unite and undergo a sporogonic cycle resulting in sporozoites (5).
- Transovarial transmission (also known as vertical, or hereditary, transmission) has been documented for "large" Babesia spp. but not for the "small" babesiae, such as B. microti (A).
- Humans enter the cycle when bitten by infected ticks. During a blood meal, a Babesia-infected tick introduces sporozoites into the human host.
- Sporozoites enter erythrocytes (B) and undergo (budding).
- Multiplication of the blood-stage parasites is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease. Humans are usually dead-end hosts. However, human-to-human transmission is well recognized to occur via contaminated blood transfusions.
References
- ↑ CDC Babesiosis. Biology. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/biology.html Accessed December 21, 2016