Adult T-cell leukemia epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

• In the US, adult T-cell leukemia is considered a rare disease that mainly tends to affect African American intravenous drug abusers.

Age

• The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 57 years.
• The age of onset for adult T-cell leukemia differs across geographical regions, such as:

• The median age at diagnosis in Japan is 60 years
• The median age at diagnosis in Central America is 40 years

Gender

• Females are more commonly affected with adult T-cell leukemia than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 1.4 to 1.
• Females are more commonly affected with HTLV infection than males.
• However, the risk of adult T-cell leukemia development among HTLV male carriers is five fold higher than the risk of adult T-cell leukemia development among HTLV female carriers.

Race

• The majority of adult T-cell leukemia cases are mainly reported in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa.
• Adult T-cell leukemia usually affects individuals of the African American race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop adult T-cell leukemia.